Vaccines Flashcards
What are the features of a good vaccine?
Low cost, low risk and stable
What is an immunogen? What are examples of immunogens used in vaccination?
Immunogen generate an immune response and an example is toxins and DNA/RNA
What is a whole organism vaccine?-
Dead or unattended vaccines
What is a peptide-based vaccine?
Depend on the expression of the protein on the carrier protein (Hepatis B core protein) and to induce the desired immune response
What is a recombinant vaccine? -
Are vaccines that uses artificially produced proteins of the virus to activate the immune system via injection
What is a toxoid vaccine?
Toxoid vaccines use toxoids (as antigens) to induce an immune response in protecting against diseases caused by toxins secreted by specific bacteria
What is a DNA vaccine?
Inject DNA which encodes for a specific antigen
What is an adjuvant?
Something you add to a vaccine to improve the efficacy ( Things added can be Aluminium salts) Which will prolong the exposure of the antigen to the immune system making it harder to immune system to break down so has to be stronger to break down the barrier
What is passive immunisation?
From administration of preformed antibodies to the causative organisms or toxin
What is active immunisation?
Antigen is administered, an immune response induced, memory cells are produced and protection foe further infection
Can antibody transfer in large volumes may cause serum sickness?
Yes typically IgG mediated ones
Is mucosal immunisation a method of active vaccination?
Yes, it administrated orally or through nasal associated lymphoid tissue.
Is the DNA component of a vaccine stable?
Yes because DNA is resistant to heat (High temp is needed to break it down in PCR) and soluble in water
Which salts are most commonly used as adjuvants for human vaccines?
Aluminium salts
Does passive transfer of polyclonal antibodies give long-lived immunity?
No because the antibodies degrade other time. They are temporary (Short-lived) lasting days to months
