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Microbiology Exam 3 > Vaccines > Flashcards

Vaccines Flashcards

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1
Q

Vaccination are aka

A

Immunizations

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2
Q

Ag means

A

Artifically

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3
Q

Person actively mounts an immune response to

A

The Ag

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4
Q

A person getting a ready-made ab means they are getting

A

Passive vaccination

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5
Q

Who began a series of experiments to prevent smallpox

A

Edward Jenner

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6
Q

What virus was completely neutralized?

A

Smallpox

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7
Q

What is a vaccine

A

A suspension of organisms or parts of an organism that can induce immunity

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8
Q

Whole agent vaccines (2)

A

Live attenuated
Killed

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9
Q

5 types of vaccines

A

Whole agent
Subunit
Toxoids
Conjugated
Nucleic acid

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10
Q

Examples of killed whole agent vaccines

A

Old pertussis vaccine
Rabies vaccine

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11
Q

Killed whole agent are unable to

A

Replicate

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12
Q

May need booster shots

A

Killed whole vaccines

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13
Q

Attenuated means

A

Weakend

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14
Q

“Modified-live” vaccine

A

Whole agent attenuated or live

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15
Q

Modified-live vaccines should not be given to who

A

Immunocompromised patients

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16
Q

example of attenuated whole agent vaccines

A

MMR vaccine= measles, mumps and rubella viruses

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17
Q

Are attenuated vaccines able to replicate?

A

Yes, but its not virulent, meaning not very harmful.

18
Q

What is dangerous about whole agent vaccines?

A

They can mutate back to dangerous forms.

19
Q

Contains parts of the microorganisms that will best stimulate the immunogenicity response.

A

Subunit vaccines

20
Q

Subunit vaccines 3 benefits

A

Safer
No whole microbe
Less side effects

21
Q

2 examples of subunit vaccines

A

Influenza type B and Hep B

22
Q

2 types of subunit vaccines

A

Bacterial capsules

23
Q

Bacterial capsules examples (2)

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae and Hemophilus influenza type B

24
Q

viral Peplomers example

A

Hep B= recombinant virus

25
Q

Conjugated vaccines are an example of

A

Subunit vaccines

26
Q

Not the whole microbe but is attached to a foreign protein.

A

Conjugated vaccines

27
Q

Conjugated vaccines examples (2)

A

Pneumonia vaccines
Heamophiulus influenza

28
Q

Developed to get a better immune response to polysaccharide vaccines

A

Conjugated vaccines

29
Q

Antigenic but not toxic

A

Toxoids

30
Q

Require a series of injections

A

Toxoids

31
Q

3 examples of toxoids

A

Diphtheria toxoid
Tetanus toxoid
D and T of DTaP

32
Q

Future vaccines (2)

A

Viral vectors
Nucleic acid vaccine

33
Q

Viral vectors

A

Insert gene coding for Ag into vaccinia virus
Give people the recombinant virus
Virus expresses the Ag
People mount an immune response

34
Q

nucleic acid vaccine

A

Inject the DNA coding for the protein Ag
DNA and thus the protein is expressed
Immune response is mounted by the host

35
Q

Viral vector vaccine for covid

A

AstraZeneca

36
Q

DNA vaccines

A

Nucleic acid vaccines

37
Q

2 DNA vaccines approved for animals

A

West Nile
Disease in Salmon

38
Q

Benefits of nucleic acid vaccines (4)

A

Cheaper
No need for needles
No need for refrigeration
Safe because they contain no whole microbes

39
Q

Vaccines that carry genetic material that teaches cells how to make a harmless piece of “spike protein”

A

m-RNA vaccines

40
Q

Does RNA enter the nucleus?

A

No

41
Q

Do mRNA vaccines affect our DNA? Why or why not?

A

NO! RNA cannot enter the nucleus of the cell

42
Q

What happens to the genetic material from the vaccine after copies of the spike protein is made?

A

Destroyed by the cells

Microbiology Exam 3 (8 decks)

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