Epidemiology and Pathogenesis

Question 1

Pathology

Answer 1

Scientific study of disease

Question 2

Etiology

Answer 2

Cause of a disease

Question 3

Pathogenesis

Answer 3

The way a disease develop (structural and functional changes)

Question 4

infection

Answer 4

Invasion or colonization of the body by a pathogenic microbe

Question 5

disease

Answer 5

When an infection leads to a change in normal status of health.

Question 6

Does every infection cause disease?

Answer 6

No

Question 7

Any organism that harbors another organism

Answer 7

Host

Question 8

3 types of floras

Answer 8

Normal
Resident
Transient

Question 9

Flora
Permanent; not pathogenic microogaisms

Answer 9

Normal flora

Question 10

Flora
Always present on/in human body

Answer 10

Resident flora

Question 11

Flora
Last few hours to few months

Answer 11

Transient flora

Question 12

Do we have more bacteria than we do cells in our bodies?

Answer 12

Yes

Question 13

The project to identify all the microbes found in all the different parts of the body and relationship to changes in between the microbiomes, the human body, and disease.

Answer 13

The Human Microbiome Project

Question 14

Does keeping a healthy normal flora increase the chances of infection and disease?

Answer 14

No, it DECREASES

Question 15

Name a sterile location in the body

Answer 15

The brain

Question 16

Largest microbiome in the body

Answer 16

GI tract

Question 17

symbiosis

Answer 17

Associated between 2 or more species

Question 18

Commensalism

Answer 18

One organism benefits; other nor affected

Question 19

Example of commensalism

Answer 19

Staphylococcus epidermidis (on our skin)

Question 20

What usually benefits from a commensalism relationship, what do they do?

Answer 20

The normal flora usually benefits the host by preventing pathogens from overgrowing.

Question 21

Both organisms benefit

Answer 21

Mutualism

Question 22

example of mutalism

Answer 22

E.coli in intestines produces vitamin K and some B vitamins

Question 23

Competition between the microorganisms. Competitive exclusion.

Answer 23

Antagonsim

Question 24

Parasitism

Answer 24

One organism benefits, the other is harmed

Question 25

Antagonsim example

Answer 25

Clostridium difficile overgrows after antibiotic therapy

Question 26

Normal flora benefit the host by ____ ____.

Answer 26

Competitive eclusion
Whereby they prevent the overgrowth of harmful microorganisms

Question 27

Competitive eclusion has lead to the study of

Answer 27

Probiotics
Live microbial cultures are applied or ingested to cause a beneficial effect on the host

Question 28

Bacteriocins

Answer 28

Proteins secreted by E.coli in large intestine to inhibit other bacteria