Vaccines Flashcards
What is the high risk strategy for vaccines?
Used when there is a risk of exposure/consequence of infection is higher in certain group of individuals
Those individuals are given the vaccine
What is the strategy if wanting to contain an infection?
Offered to all individuals in order to generate herd immunity and reduce number of infections
Interrupts transmission of infection
Prevents the disease at the receptor (prevents person from getting disease)
How can you eradicate a disease?
Only possible if: no other reservoirs, consequences of infection are high and scientific and political prioritisation exists
To achieve elimination of disease R value has to be …
R<1 for a sustained period of time
What things need to be considered when planning a new vaccination programme?
Disease burden
Is immunisation the best way?
Net impact - effectiveness/safety
How well is the current immunisation strategy working?
How much disease will be prevented?
Negative effects? - risks, errors, vaccine strategy
Resources - vaccine, transportation, storage, training, promotion
Public perception
Cost-effectiveness
What things need to be considered when implementing a vaccine programme?
Who will be receiving the vaccine or who will receive vaccine first?
How is it going to be given - pilot, gradually, globally
When is it going to be implemented to have the greatest impact and maximise uptake of vaccine?
What barriers to LMICs face in implementing effective vaccination programmes?
Weak health systems
Financial barriers
Lack of cold chain storage
Lack of staff and motivation of staff
Political barriers - corruption, lack of management, priorities of leaders
Hard to reach population - physical, cultural, uneducated
How can we overcome the barriers LMICs face?
Strengthen health system
Make financing more predictable and flexible
Hold leaders accountable
Community mobilisation and education
