Hepatitis Flashcards
How are B/C/D transmitted?
Blood-bourne
Mother-to-child, household contact, blood products, iatrogenic, occupational, sexual, IVDU
How are A/E transmitted?
Faecal-oral - contaminated food/water
What is the biggest burden for hepatitis B?
Mother-to-child transmission as 90% of neonates develop chronic infection (compared to only 5% of adults)
What are the main routes of transmission for D?
Blood products, iatrogenic, IVDU
How many people with Hep C infection develop a chronic infection?
70%
Do A+E infections become chronic?
No infection provides life long immunity
How is Hep E transmitted?
Contaminated food/water
Undercooked meat
How is at risk of developing Hep A?
IVDU, MSM, travel
What general population measures can be done to eradicate Hep B?
Universal childhood vaccination
Screen mothers in pregnancy for Hep B - give those babies vaccination at birth
Regular testing of individuals
Blood safety and injection safety
What measures can be put in place to eradicate Hep B for those at high risk?
Safe disposal of sharps/body fluids
Needle exchange programme + opiate substitution
Safe sex education and condom availability
Vaccinate high risk individuals
How is high risk of developing Hep B/C/D?
IVDU, healthcare workers, people who work with needles or blood products, sex workers, neonates, MSM, sexually active individuals
What can be done for people who already have Hep B infection?
Screening of contacts - if susceptible those individuals should get vaccinated
Patient education
Treatment as prevention - less infectious, less likely to spread to others
What general population measures can be done to eradicate Hep C?
NO VACCINE Screen all blood products Sterile medical equipment Blood and injection safety Regular testing of individuals
What measures can be put in place to eradicate Hep C for those at high risk?
Needle exchange programmes + opiate substitution
Safe sex education and condom availability
Safe disposal of sharps and bodily fluids
What can be done for people who already have Hep C infection?
Screening of susceptible injecting partners, sexual contacts
Patient education
TREATMENT AS PREVENTION - antiviral therapy has high efficacy, well tolerated and only need OD for short duration
