vaccinations

Question 1

what do vaccines help? why?

Answer 1

Vaccines help the immune system recognise and destroy pathogens. They insert antigens for a specific disease

Question 2

how can antigens be inserted?

Answer 2

injection, oral insertion

Question 3

what does a vaccination induce?

Answer 3

a primary immune response but because the pathogen is either dead or weakened, it doesn’t activate a full scale response

Question 4

what are produced as a result of a vaccine?

Answer 4

memory cells that remember the response if the pathogen returns so it is quicker and stronger secondary response
LONG TERM IMMUNITY

Question 5

what do booster vaccinations ensure?

Answer 5

make sure that memory cells are still in our body

Question 6

why does the pathogen injected in a vaccination cause an immune response despite being dead or weakened?

Answer 6

the antigens on its surface will produce the response

Question 7

what does the success of a vaccination programme depend on?

Answer 7

-cost of vaccine
-severity of side effects
-ease of production
-ease of transport and administration
-number of people who need to be vaccinated for herd immunity

Question 8

what are the ethical issues surrounding vaccines?

Answer 8

-all vaccines are tested on animals
-the risks of the vaccine need to be balanced with the benefits
-vaccines have to be tested on humans to determine toxicity
-they’re expensive
-questions of if there was an epidemic, who would receive the first vaccines
-some don’t want the vaccine due to side effects but they’re still protected from herd immunity- people think this is unfair

Question 9

what are the 2 types of vaccine?

Answer 9

-live attenuated
-inactivated