cell parts

Question 1

name the 11 organelles in an animal cell

Answer 1

cytoplasm, nucleus, nucleolus, nuclear envelope, RER, SER, ribosomes, lysosomes, mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, cell surface membrane

Question 1

name the 3 organelles only in a plant cell

Answer 1

chloroplasts, cell wall, vacuole

Question 2

name the 7 organelles in a bacterial cell

Answer 2

cell surface membrane, cell wall, cytoplasm, flagellum, capsule, plasmids, circular DNA

Question 3

describe the structure of the cell surface membrane

Answer 3

mainly made of lipids and proteins and has receptor molecules

Question 4

describe the role of the cell surface membrane

Answer 4

regulates the movement of substances into and out of the cell. Receptor molecules allow it to respond to hormones/chemicals

Question 5

describe the structure of the nucleus

Answer 5

large organelle surrounded by a nuclear envelope which contains pores. contains chromosomes and a nucleolus

Question 6

describe the role of the nucleus

Answer 6

controls the cells activities, nucleolus makes ribosomes

Question 7

describe the structure of the mitochondria

Answer 7

usually oval shaped. Have a double membrane. The inner membrane is folded to form structures called Cristae. Inside is the matrix which contains enzymes involved in respiration.

Question 8

describe the role of the mitochondria

Answer 8

where aerobic respiration occurs in the cell. Produces ATP. In cells that are very active, theres a higher number of mitochondria

Question 9

describe the structure of a chloroplast

Answer 9

small flattened structure found in plant cells and algal cells. Surrounded by a double membrane. Has membranes inside called thylakoid membranes. These stack up to form grana. These link together by lamellae. Contains stroma

Question 10

describe the role of a chloroplast

Answer 10

takes in light energy from the sun for photosynthesis. Photosynthesis takes place in chlorophyll

Question 11

describe the structure of the Golgi apparatus and vesicles

Answer 11

GA is a group of fluid filled membrane bound flattened sacs. GV are small fluid filled sacs in the cytoplasm surrounded by a membrane.

Question 12

describe the role of the Golgi apparatus and vesicles

Answer 12

GA produces GV. GA processes and packages new lipids and proteins. GV stores these lipids and proteins and transports them out of the cell

Question 13

describe the structure of lysosomes

Answer 13

round organelle surrounded by a membrane with no clear internal structure

Question 14

describe the role of lysosomes

Answer 14

contain hydrolytic enzymes which can be used to digest invading cells and break down for out components of the cell

Question 15

describe the structure of ribosomes

Answer 15

small organelle surrounded by a membrane that floats free in the cytoplasm or is attached to the RER. Made up of RNA.

Question 16

describe the role of ribosomes

Answer 16

site where proteins are made

Question 17

describe the structure of RER

Answer 17

a system of membranes enclosing a fluid filled space. Surface is covered with ribosomes.

Question 18

describe the role of RER

Answer 18

folds and processes proteins made at the ribosomes

Question 19

describe the structure of SER

Answer 19

similar to RER but with no ribosomes

Question 20

describe the role of SER

Answer 20

synthesises and processes lipids

Question 21

describe the structure of the cell wall

Answer 21

a rigid structure that surrounds cells in plant, algal and fungi cells.

Question 22

describe the role of the cell wall

Answer 22

supports cells and prevents them from changing shape

Question 23

describe the structure of the vacuole

Answer 23

found in plant cells. A membrane bound organelle found in the cytoplasm. Contains cell sap. The membrane is called the tonoplast.

Question 24

describe the role of the vacuole

Answer 24

helps to maintain pressure inside the cell and keeps the cell rigid. this stops the plant from wilting. The vacuole is involved in the isolation of unwanted chemicals in the cell

Question 25

what is the cell wall mainly made from in algal and plant cells?

Answer 25

cellulose