cell parts Flashcards
name the 11 organelles in an animal cell
cytoplasm, nucleus, nucleolus, nuclear envelope, RER, SER, ribosomes, lysosomes, mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, cell surface membrane
name the 3 organelles only in a plant cell
chloroplasts, cell wall, vacuole
name the 7 organelles in a bacterial cell
cell surface membrane, cell wall, cytoplasm, flagellum, capsule, plasmids, circular DNA
describe the structure of the cell surface membrane
mainly made of lipids and proteins and has receptor molecules
describe the role of the cell surface membrane
regulates the movement of substances into and out of the cell. Receptor molecules allow it to respond to hormones/chemicals
describe the structure of the nucleus
large organelle surrounded by a nuclear envelope which contains pores. contains chromosomes and a nucleolus
describe the role of the nucleus
controls the cells activities, nucleolus makes ribosomes
describe the structure of the mitochondria
usually oval shaped. Have a double membrane. The inner membrane is folded to form structures called Cristae. Inside is the matrix which contains enzymes involved in respiration.
describe the role of the mitochondria
where aerobic respiration occurs in the cell. Produces ATP. In cells that are very active, theres a higher number of mitochondria
describe the structure of a chloroplast
small flattened structure found in plant cells and algal cells. Surrounded by a double membrane. Has membranes inside called thylakoid membranes. These stack up to form grana. These link together by lamellae. Contains stroma
describe the role of a chloroplast
takes in light energy from the sun for photosynthesis. Photosynthesis takes place in chlorophyll
describe the structure of the Golgi apparatus and vesicles
GA is a group of fluid filled membrane bound flattened sacs. GV are small fluid filled sacs in the cytoplasm surrounded by a membrane.
describe the role of the Golgi apparatus and vesicles
GA produces GV. GA processes and packages new lipids and proteins. GV stores these lipids and proteins and transports them out of the cell
describe the structure of lysosomes
round organelle surrounded by a membrane with no clear internal structure
describe the role of lysosomes
contain hydrolytic enzymes which can be used to digest invading cells and break down for out components of the cell
describe the structure of ribosomes
small organelle surrounded by a membrane that floats free in the cytoplasm or is attached to the RER. Made up of RNA.
describe the role of ribosomes
site where proteins are made
describe the structure of RER
a system of membranes enclosing a fluid filled space. Surface is covered with ribosomes.
describe the role of RER
folds and processes proteins made at the ribosomes
describe the structure of SER
similar to RER but with no ribosomes
describe the role of SER
synthesises and processes lipids
describe the structure of the cell wall
a rigid structure that surrounds cells in plant, algal and fungi cells.
describe the role of the cell wall
supports cells and prevents them from changing shape
describe the structure of the vacuole
found in plant cells. A membrane bound organelle found in the cytoplasm. Contains cell sap. The membrane is called the tonoplast.
describe the role of the vacuole
helps to maintain pressure inside the cell and keeps the cell rigid. this stops the plant from wilting. The vacuole is involved in the isolation of unwanted chemicals in the cell
what is the cell wall mainly made from in algal and plant cells?
cellulose
