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Uworldqs Flashcards

1
Q

ACh Toxication

A 
Cause: AChEi (esp organophosphate pesticide)
SLUDGEBB
Salivation
Lacrimation
Urination
Diaphoresis
GI: diarrhea 
Emesis
Bradycardia *
Bronchodilation
tx:
    -atropine (block muscarinic R)
    -Pralidoxime (nicotinic R- skeletal muscles)
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2
Q

Prospective Cohort study

A

Follows subjs w/o a dz who are exposed to RFs –> monitored for subsequent development of dz

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3
Q

Case Control Study

A

Subjs have dz & investigates their exposures compared to ppl w/o dz
Analysis: odds ratio
ex) pts w & w/o lung cancer are asked about exposures to possible carcinogens

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4
Q

Cross-sectional study

A

Looks for dz & exposures @ a single pt in time
ex) populational data- gathing that concludes that a country has a high level of atherosclerotic dz & high level of saturated fat consumption

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5
Q

Cross Over Study

A

Participates enroll in either a placebo or tx grp then switch after a period of time

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6
Q

Zero-order elimination

A

[Drug] decreases linearly w/time- constant rate
So, @ each time segment, decreases same amt
Rate of elimination=(change in plasma concentration)/(time)
Drugs: (Zero PEAs for me)
-Phenytoin
-Ethanol
-ASA

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7
Q

Wallenberg’s Syndrome

A

Lateral medullary lesion
(most common brain stem stroke)
Cause:
Vertebral a
PICA
Damage to:
AL/ST: contralateral loss of pain/temp
Trigeminal nuc: loss of pain/temp in ipsilateral face
ICP: ipsilateral ataxia, falling
Nuc Ambiguus: Horseness, dysphagia
Nuc Solitarius: ipsilateral decreased taste

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8
Q

Naegleria Fowleri

A
  • ameobas in freshwater lakes
    • enter via criibriform plate
  • causes rapidly progressing meningoencephalitis
  • nausea, vomiting, irrational behavior
  • tx: amphotericin B
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9
Q

Arginine: precursor of

A

Arginine –> creatine, urea, NO

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10
Q

Histidine: precursor of

A

Histidine –> histamine

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11
Q

Phenylalanine

A

Phenylalanine–>tyrosine, DA, NE, Epi

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12
Q

Tyrosine

A

Tyrosine –> DA, NE, epi

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13
Q

Tryptophan

A 
Tryptophan --> VitB3 (Niacin)
   -grains, cereal, milk, lean meats
Niacin:
    -Cell fxn
    -metabolism

Deficiency:

  • Pellagra
    - 4 D’s:
    - Dermatitis
    - Diarrhea
    - Dementia –> death
    - “Big D” (thickened skin)
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14
Q

Cluster headaches

A

Symp

  • lacrimation
  • conjunctival injection
  • ptosis
  • nasal congestion
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15
Q

Trigeminal n foramina

A

Standing Room Only (SRO)
Sup. orbital fissure (V1: forehead)
Rotundum (V2: mid-face)
Ovale (V3: jaw)

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16
Q

Erection/Ejaculation

A

Erection:
-parasymp (S2-4)
-Relax vascular smooth m, compress tunical v
-also responsible for anal & peepee sensation
Ejaculation/Emission
-hypogastric n (T1-L2)

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17
Q

CYP inducers

A 
PPCREST
Phenobarbital (all Barbs)
Phenytoin (VG-Na blocker)
Carbamazepine (VG-Na blocker, GABA R agonist)
Rifampin (antibiotic)
Etoh (chronic-before liver damage)
St. John's Wort
Tobacco
18
Q

CYP450 Inhibitors

A 
VICK'S FACE All Over GQ stops ladies in their tracks Valproate
Isoniazid
Cimetidine (antihistamine/antacid)
Ketoconazole
Sulfonamides

Fluconazole
Alcohol (acute)
Chloramphenicol
Erythromycin (Macrolides except azithromycin)

Amiodarone
Omeprazole (proton pump inhibitor)
Grapefruit Juice
Quinidine

Sulfonamides
Ciprofloxacin
Metronidazole
Fluoexetine (SSRI)
HIV protease
19
Q

Otitis Externa

A

-Cause:
-typically after swimming
1. Pseudomonas aeruginosa
2. Staph epidermidis
Presentation:
-unilateral ext ear pain & redness

20
Q

Mallory bodies

A

=hyaline bodies

  • accumulation of eosinophilic material in cytoplasm of damaged hepatic cells
  • asc: alcoholic hepatitis (+fatty change, cirrhosis)
21
Q

Cowdry A inclusion bodies

A
  • pathology sign
  • Herpes zoster skin rashes
  • intranuclear eosdinophilic inclusions + clear halo
22
Q

Cabot Ring bodies

A

-ring shape structures in RBC in megaloblastic anemia

23
Q

Auer bodies/rods

A
  • rod shaped bodies in myeloid cells
  • Fused lysosomes
  • Dz:
    • Acute PML (promyelocytic leukemia)
24
Q

Olfactory N exits via

A

Cribriform plate

25
Q

Optic n exits via

A

optic canal

26
Q

Nerves thru superior orbital fissure

A

Ch3, 4, 6, V1 of Facial n

Oculomotor, trochlear, abducens

27
Q

Trigeminal n exits via

A

V1: Superior Orbital fissure
V2: Foramen rotundum
V3: foramen ovale

28
Q

CN 7 Facial n exits via

A

Int. Auditory meatus

29
Q

Cn 8 vestibulocochlear n exits via

A

int. auditory meatus

30
Q

CN 9, 10, 11 exit via

A

Jugular foramen

31
Q

Cn 12 hypoglossal n (exits via)

A

Hypoglossal canal

32
Q

Lhermitte’s sign

A

-transient shock sensation due to neck flexsion

33
Q

MS

A

Autoimmune dz of CNS- multiple white matter lseions separate in time & space
Symps:
-CN (optic neuritis, APD, internuclear opthalmoplegia,
nystagmus)
-motor (weakness, spasticity, abnormal reflex)
-Sensory (paresthesias)
-Cerebellar (ataxia, dysarthria, intention tremor)
-ANS (bladder dysfxn)

34
Q

Pheochromocytoma

A
  • tumor of the adrenal medulla
  • enlarged adrenal gland
  • secretes catecholamines (NE, epi)
    • -> headaches, diphoresis, palpitations, HTN
35
Q

Retroperitonal Structures

A 
SAD PUCKER
Suprarenal (adrenal) glands
Aorta & IVC
Duodenum (2nd-4th parts)
Pancreas (except tail)
Ureters
Colon (desc, asc)
Kidneys
Esophagus (thoracic portion)
Rectum (partially)
36
Q

Atropine Overdose

A 
Anti-cholinergic (x Para)
No pee, see, spit, shit
Blind as a Bat (mydriasis)
Mad as a hatter 
Red as a beet 
Hot as a hare
Dry as a bone
Tx: Physostigmine (AChEi)
37
Q

Hypocalcemia

A 
Causes:
   -acute pancreatitis (saponification)
   -hypoparathyroidism
   -vit deficiency
   -Chr kidney dz
   -Loop diuretics
Signs:
   ^QT
   -tapping CN7 --> spasm
   -BP cuff > systolic P --> wrist flex
38
Q

K+ disturbances

A 
TOO much K
   -Wide QRS, peaked T
   -arrhythmias, muscle weak
Too Low
   -U waves
   -flat T wave
   -arrhythmias, muscle cramps, spasm
39
Q

Ca disturbances

A

Too Much
-stones, bones (pain), groans (abd pain),
thrones (^ urinary frequency), psychiatric overtones

Too little

  • Tetancy
  • seizures
  • ^QT
  • Twitching (tapping CN7)
  • Spasms
40
Q

Mg disturbances

A 
Too Low
   -tetancy
   -torsades
   -hypokalemia
Too much
   -decreased DTR
   -Bradycardia, hypotension, Cardiac arrest
   -hypocalcemia

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