Neuro

Question 1

Gi: mech, receptors

Answer 1

Inhibits AC (adenylyl cyclase)–>PDEs (phosphodiesterases) continually degrade cAMP –>AMP
*caffeine inhibits PDEs –> keep cAMP high
*viagra & cialis do same for smooth m.
MAD 2s inhibit
M2, a2, D2

Question 2

Gs: mech, receptors

Answer 2

Displaces GDP on alpha –>stimulates AC (adenylyl cyclase) –> (ATP into) cAMP–>activates PKA –>+P targets
D1
B1, B2
H2, V2

Question 3

Gq: mech, receptors

Answer 3

=^Ca
Gq binds PLC (phospholipase C) –> cleaves PIP2 (membrane lipid) head grp –> IP3 (head) & DAG into cytosol
DAG –>activates PKC –> +P Ca channel
IP3–>binds ER/SR –> ^Ca
= HAVe 1 M&M (ALL the 1s except B1 & D1)
a1, H1, V1, M1, M3

Question 4

Alt mnemonic for receptors & G protiens

Answer 4

QISS SIQ SQIQQS
a1: Q
a2: I
B1: S
B2: S

D1: S
D2: I
H1: Q

H2: S
M1: Q
M2: I
M3: Q
V1 : Q
V2: S

Question 5

Adrenergic receptors

Answer 5

Neurotransmitters:
-NE
-epinephrine
a1: Q: ^Ca –> smooth m. contract
a2: I: X AC –> decrease cAMP –> smooth m contract
B1: S: Heart
^cAMP –> ^contractility, HR, conduction v, relaxation
B2: BV Smooth m
^cAMP –>X MLCK from +P on myosin–> smooth m
relax

Question 6

B receptors

Answer 6

Adrenergic receptors
B1: S: Heart
     ^cAMP --> ^contractility, HR, conduction v, relaxation
B2: BV, Bronchi Smooth m
    ^cAMP -->X MLCK from +P on myosin--> smooth m 
    relax
Liver: glycogenolysis
Kidneys: renin release

Question 7

Meniere’s Dz

Answer 7

Cause: ^vol of endolymphatic    
       (hydrops)
Acute bouts of:
   -sensorineural hearing loss
   -vertigo
   -tinnitus

Question 8

NF2 (Neurofibromatosis type 2)

Answer 8

Ch. 22 (merlin)

• bilateral acoustic neuromas
• Juvenile cataracts
• intracranial meningomas
• spinal tumors
• peripheral neuropathy
• cutaneous

Question 9

VHL

Answer 9

• Hemangioblastomas of:
  
  • retina
  • cerebellum
  • medulla
• Bilateral RCC