UWORLD Respiratory Flashcards
diffusion limited gas?
CO
Chronic sleep apnea can result in?
Pulmonary HTN (from vasoconstriction due to hypoxia)
Respiratory control based on?
increasedCO2 - central chemoR - increased RR
decreasedO2 - peripheral chemoR - decreased RR
danger in giving in a pt with longstanding COPD pure O2?
Might stop breathing.
In longstanding COPD RR no longer controlled by increased CO2 (because pt always has increased CO2); RR is now solely controlled by increases in PO2. Give O2, and pt has no stimulus to breath
Airway resistance greatest where? lowest where?
Bronchi. lowest in terminal bronchioles.
Exercise. Changes in PaCO2 and PaO2?
none. Changes only in veins
Lung whited out on CXR and trachea deviated toward lesion?
if away from lesions?
Bronchus obstruction.
Pleural space dz (like effusion)
Pt with suspected cystis fibrosis. transepithlial potential difference is more negative than normal because?
Increased Na resoprtion (fuctioning CFTR would secrete Cl to keep out Na)
Sweat glands are the only glands where CFTR resorbs Cl (why normally, high Cl in sweat means CFTR problem)
Adult ARDS - diffuse injury leads to?
Alveolar hyaline membranes
Interalveolar wall destruction?
Emphasema
Tumor with columnar mucin-secreting cells that do not invade stroma?
Branchioloalveolar CA. Sill malignant, despite not invading
lung transplant rejection: acute vs chronic?
parenchymal infiltrates vs infiltration of small aiways
Tissue destruction from TB caused by?
Delayed type IV HSR
Cyclical breathing with gradually increasing then decreasing tidal volume broken up by periods of apnea?
CHF (Cheyne-stokes respirations)
Asthma - most common provocateurs?
dander ,feathers, dust, pollen
Asbestos exposure - most likely to get what cancer?
- BRONCHOGENIC caner
2. Mesothelioma
Phases of lobar pneumonia?
Congestion - red, heavy and full of bacteral exudate
Red hepatization - red, firm and with exudate with RBCs, neutrophils and fibrin
Gray hepatization - pale, firm and with broken RBCs
Resolution - enzymes digest exudate
Carcinoid tumor, associated with changes in levels of?
decreased niacin (used up to make W)
Hamartomas contain?
Hyaline cartilage, fat, smooth muscle.
spontaneous pneumothrax - cause?
rupture of Apical subpleural blebs
Newborn with bilious vomiting, dilatation of the small bowel, and air fluid levels caused by fecal mass?
cystic fibrosis
Only places in respiratory tract lined with stratified squamous? Rest of upper tract lined with?
Oropharynx, laryngopharync, anterior epiglottis, and true vocal cords. Pseudostratified, columbar mucus-secreting epithelium.
Cells in lungs with elastase?
alveolar macrophages
If you kill type II cells - result?
atelectasis
Intercoastal VAN located where?
lower side of ribs
Calcified hilar lymph nodes - exposure to?
Calcified pleural plaques?
Non-caseating epitheloid granulomas?
silica
Asbestos
beryllium (indistinguishable from sarcoid)
SVC syndrome. Type of tumor and location?
bronchiogenic tumor in mediastinum
Green sputum - color due to?
myeloperoxidase
