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USMLE Step 2 CK > UWorld Pass 2c > Flashcards

UWorld Pass 2c Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Causes of G6PD?

A

trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, dapsone, priaquine, infections

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2
Q

When to consider another medication over lithium in bipolar disorder? Side effects in the kidney of lithium?

A

Renal dysfunction, thyroid dysfunction, lung problems

Risks: nephrogenic diabetes insipidus and tubulointerstinal nephropathy

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3
Q

Methamphetamine use can cause?

A

cardiomyopathy

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4
Q

How do ACE-I protect?>

A

Reduce intraflomerular hypertention

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5
Q

Who gets treated with trichamonas?

A

Both females and partner

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6
Q

Essential tremor -

A

shaking with intent and movement

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7
Q

Immune thrombocytopenia? Treatment?

A

abnormally low platelet count, ages 25, purpura, petechia

Treatment: observation, IVIG or glucococorticoids with bleeding

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8
Q

TOrus palantinus

A

benigh bony grwoth of the midline suture of the hard palate

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9
Q

Polycythemia in the new born? Treatment?

A

plethoric, iritability, respiratory distress, tachypnea cyanosis, ppor feeding

Treatment: hydration for asymptomatic, exchange transfusion for symptomatic

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10
Q

ecaematous and/or ulcerative rash localized to the nipple and spreads to the areola?

Coassociation

A

mammary paget disease

Association with adenocarcinoma, which starts if glandular tissue

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11
Q

Acute bipolar depression pharmacotherapy?

A

quetiapine and lurasidone

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12
Q

Hereditary vs acquired angioedema?

A

C1q levels are normal in hereditary, depressed in acquired

C4 is depressed in all forms

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13
Q

Most common type of leukemia in children? Signs?

A

Signs= PAS positive granules, TdT positive, lymphoblasts in peripheral smear

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14
Q

When does acute rheumatic fever present?

A

2-4 after group A strep infection

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15
Q

Common bile duct vs cystic duct stone?

A

Common bile duct has jaundice with it

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16
Q

Treatment for tinea corpois?

A

topical antifungals (clotrimazole, terbinafine)

2nd line oral (terbinafine and griseofulvin)

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17
Q

herpangina cs herpetic gingivostomatitis?

A

Herpangina- posterior oropharync, summer/early fall, supportive treatment

Herpetic gingivostomatitis- anterior oropharync, treat with oral acyclovir

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18
Q

Hurler disease

A

Lysosomal storage disease, due to lysosomal hydrolase deficiency

6-months to 2 years with coarse facial features, inguinal or umbiilical hernia, hepatosplenomegaly

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19
Q

CD4 level for chroni cryptosporidiosis infection? Sain?

A

Less than 180

modified acid-fast stain to reveal oocytes

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20
Q

Herpangina

A

infection caused by enterovirus, especially coxsachie -> high fever, sore throat

ulcerative lesions found on palate, tonsils, pharynx

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21
Q

Signs of angiofibroma?

A

nasal drainage and epistaxis, think teenage males

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22
Q

Galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase deficiency? infection risk?

A

failure to thrive, jaundice, hypoglycemia ->hepatomegaly, convulsion, cataracts,

increased risk of E. Coli infection

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23
Q

Risk factor for shoulder dystocia?

A

Fetal macrosomnia

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24
Q

acyte calf pain, warmth erythema, ecchymosis on the lower leg?

A

ruptured popliteal cyst

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25
Q

henoch-Schonlein purpura

A

purpura on the legs and buttocks with normal platelet count

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26
Q

Management of astham?

A

SABA (PRN), low-dose corticosteroid, (ICS+LABA), nedium dose ICS+LABA,

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27
Q

How long to treat bacterial prostatitis? Drugs?

A

4-6 weeks

Empiric- trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole or fluoroquinolone

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28
Q

Wernicke encephalopathy?

A

confusion, oculomotor dysfuncion (horizontal nystagmus, nilateral abducens palsy) and gait ataxia

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29
Q

Alternative name for club foot?

A

talipes equinovarus

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30
Q

MoA of dobutamine, effect?

A

beta-1 receptor -> inc. cAMP -> stronger contractility -> increaed output

decreased in left ventircular end-systolic volume

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31
Q

Echinococcus cyst treatment?

A

Aspiration and albendazole

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32
Q

Horseshoe kidney and absent thumbs?

A

Fanconi anemia

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33
Q

Statin induced myopathy MoA

A

Inhibition of intracellular synthesis pathway

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34
Q

Hidrandenitis suppurative

A

multiple recurrent painful nodules in teh axillae, inguinal folds, and perineal areas, not a single lesion

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35
Q

Risk associated with nephorotic syndrome?

A

Accerlated atherosclerosis due to increase cholesterol and tryglyceride level

hypercoagulation

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36
Q

Heart sound present with myocarditis?

A

audible S3 with pulmonary vascular congestion

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37
Q

TSH changes in pregnancy?

A

decreased TSH, increased T3 and T4

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38
Q

Exterintestinal menigestations of Ulcerative colitis?

A

arthritis, uveitis, episcerlitis, erythema nodosum, PSC

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39
Q

Diagnosis? Cause? Presentation?

A

Calcinosis cuis

Deposition of calcium phosporus in the skin

Presents with scattered whitish papules on the skin

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40
Q

Cystinuria? Diagnosis?

A

impaired amino acid transport

most common stones are cysteine

Diagnosis: cyanide nitroprusside

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41
Q

Hyperthryoidism with diffuse goiter and homoegenout radioiodine update? Treatment?

A

Graves disease

Pretreatment: beta blocker, antithyroid drugs (PTU, methimazole), radioactive iodine and thrydoiectomy

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42
Q

Perivalvular abscess?

A

conduction abnormality in a patient with endocarditis

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43
Q

Chronic olgoarthritis, daily fever, rash? Laboratory findings?

A

systemic-onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis

Labs: leukocytosis, thrombocytosis, markedly elevatyedd ESR, CRP)

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44
Q

Most common cause of pneumonia?

A

Strep pneumoniae

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45
Q

When to use hypertonic saline?

A

Na < 120, with profound confusion, seizures, coma

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46
Q

Signs of organophosphate poisoning?

A

Bradycardia, miosis, rhonchi, muscle fasciculations, salivation, lacrimation, urination, defecation

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47
Q

palpable purpura, peorteinura, hematura, arthralgia, hepatosplenomegaly, hypocomplementemia? Associated with?

A

Mixed essential cryoglobulenimia

Associated with HCV

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48
Q

Treatment for unilateral adrenal adenooma?

A

Surgery (preferred), aldosterone antgonists (spironolactone, eplerenone)

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49
Q

Signs and cause of ataxia telangiectasia?

A

T-cell deficiency associated in defect in DNA repair

progressive cerebellar degeneration, high risk of cancer

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50
Q

Next step in management achalasia?

A

Endoscopic evaluation -> CT (if mass is found)

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51
Q

exofoliative dermatitis

A

erythroderma

widespread, scaly eruption of the skin

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52
Q

2nd generation antipsychotics drugs are what?

A

sertonin-dopamine anatagonist binding at serotonin 2A and dopamine D2 receptors

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53
Q

Treatment for cancer-related anoercia/cachexia?

A

progesterone analogues (megestrol acetate)

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54
Q

cluster of intensly pruritic vescicles and papules that form on the dorsal forearms, knees, buttocks

A

Celiac disease

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55
Q

Signs of neonatal sepsis?

A

temperature instability, poor feeding, jaundice, CNS, abnormal WBC

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56
Q

Side effects of trastuzumas?

A

carddiotoxicity (normally reversible) -> echo at baseline

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57
Q

bounding pulses, which murmur?

A

aortic regurgitation

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58
Q

Treatment for advanced HIV cachexia?

A

synthetic cannabinoid

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59
Q

How to calculate number needed to treat?

A

1/ARR, where ARR is equal to gold standard-trial

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60
Q

anserine bursitis

A

subacute medial knee pain

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61
Q

If two trials of SSRIs have failed in depression, next step?

A

Drug with a different MoA (buprorion)

TCA are reserved for treatment-refractory patients)

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62
Q

progressive dyspnea, hypoexmia, diffuse pulmonary crackles, third heart sound

A

decompensated heart failure

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63
Q

Signs of Marijuana intoxication?

A

Tachycardia, tachpnea, HTN, dry mouth, conjunctival infection, increased appetite, slow reaction time, slurred speech

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64
Q

Morbits type 1 vs 2

A

Tyoe 1, prolonged PR, type 2 intermettend dropped QRS complex

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65
Q

febrile neutropenia? Treatment? Organism risk?

A

ANC < 1500

Organism: P. aeruginosa

Treatment: piperacillin-tazobactam, cegepime, meropenem

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66
Q

Natural Hep B immunity serology?

A

anti-HBs, anti-HBc

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67
Q

If a patient has a change in headaches, what should be done?

A

Imaging of the brain to rule out problems

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68
Q

What three pathways (and affects) are blocked with 2nd generation antipsychotics?

A

mesolimbic (antipsychotic efficacy)

nigrostriatal (EPS, acute dystonia, akathesia, parkinson_

tuberoinfundibular-hyperprolactinemia

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69
Q

low-pitched early diastolic sound ?

A

Third heart sound

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70
Q

hemolytic uremic syndrome?

A

hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, acute renal failure

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71
Q

Before surgery, what should be evaluated in a patient at high risk of cardiac problems?

A

ECG, cardiac markers, chest x-ray

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72
Q

Bluie lunulae?

A

Wilson disease, blue lines at base of fingernails

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73
Q

Cephalohematoma

A

subperosteal hemorrhage limited to one bone space

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74
Q

Tratment for moderate hypertriglyceridemia?

A

weight loss, moderate alcohol intake, increased exercise, statin therapy

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75
Q

bethanechol?

A

cholinergic agonist used to treat urinary retention

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76
Q

How to confirm carpel tunnel syndrome?

A

Nerve conduction study

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77
Q

Risk associated with anti thyroid drugs?

A

Agranulocytosis

propylthiouracil: hepatic failure, ANCA-associated vasculitis

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78
Q

What causes calcium phosphate stones?

A

hyperparathyroidism, renal tubular acidosis

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79
Q

Risks associated iwth hepatocellular carcinoma?

A

osteomalacia, hepatocellular carcinoma

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80
Q

ABO hyemolytic disease in O mothers with A or B fetus?

A

Mild risk

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81
Q

Signs of thiamine deficiency?

A

Encephalopathy, oculomotor dysfunction, postural/gait ataxia

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82
Q

Most common type of kidney stones?

A

Calcium oxylate

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83
Q

aortic valve disease due to valvular disease location? Root disease?

A

Left sternal border

Root-right sternal border

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84
Q

Auer rods?

A

Acute myeloid leukemia

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85
Q

Treatment for infective endocarditis?

A

Intravenous IV

If penicillin sensitive, penicillin G or ceftriaxone

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86
Q

Angelman’s syndrome?

A

deletion of maternal chromosome 15

Sings: short stateure, dysmorphic features, smiling/laughter, hand-flapping, ataxia, seizures

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87
Q

Diagnosis?

A

Secondary syphilis

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88
Q

Fetal hydanotoid syndrome?

A

Phentoin during pregnancy

orofacial clefts, microcephaly, nail/digit hypoplasia c, cardiac defects, dysmorphic facial features

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89
Q

PCOS, rapid onset hirsutism in a female? Next step?

A

Androgen secreting neoplasm

Next step: testosterone and DHEAS

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90
Q

Signs of myasthenia gravis? Location?

A

extra-ocular (diplopia, ptosis), vullbar, summetrical proximal muscle weakness

Location: motor end plate

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91
Q

dark lesion, rubbery feel, no recent changes, suspect?

A

seborrheic keratosis

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92
Q

Risks of COPD?

A

secondary spontaneous blep rupture -> air into pleural space

Diagnosis by x-ray

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93
Q

Increased total brain volume is found in?

A

Autism

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94
Q

Pulsus parvus and tardus?

A

Aortic stenosis

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95
Q

Pentad for thrombotic thrombocytopenia purpura? Cause? Diagnosis? Treatment?

A

thrombocytopenia, microangiopathic hemolytic enamia, renal insufficiency, neurologic changes, fever

Cause: autoantibody to ADAMTS13

Diagnosis: blood smear showing schistocytes

Treatment: plasma exchanges

96
Q

How to diagnose CLL?

A

flow cytometry

97
Q

How to prevent CAD in patients with inducible iscemia?

A

antiplatelet therapy

98
Q

Oatellofemoral pain syndrome

A

chronic anterior knee pain, common in woman, worsened in prolonged sitting

99
Q

Histolytica infection? Treatment?

A

liver abscess on imaging, dysenttery

Treatment: metronidazole and paromomycin (luminal agent), no drainage

100
Q

Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction

A

early syphilis

rapid destruction of spirochetes causing acute febrile illness -> resolves spontaneously within 48 hours

101
Q

Gaucher disease

A

glucocerebrosidase deficiency

anemia, throbocytopenia, hepatosplenomegaly

102
Q
A
103
Q

Blood smear in people with sickle cell disease will show?

A

Howell-Jolly nodies

104
Q

Signs of prepatella tendinitis?

A

episodic pain and tenderness at the inferior patella and patella tendon

seen in athletes in jumping sports

105
Q

Lab findings in SLE autoimmune hemolytic anemia?

A

positive coombs, normal transaminases

106
Q

Neonatal chlamydial conjuctivits?

A

5-14 days, watery, mucopurulent discharge, conjunctival injection -> treat with oral erythromycin

107
Q

Signs of medulloblastoma?

A

truncal or gain instability, hydrocephalus

108
Q

Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine method of immunity?

A

t-cell-dependent b-cell response

109
Q

Enteropathic arthritis

A

inflammatory bowel disease (acial skeleton)

110
Q

What type of should dislocation is caused from seizures?

A

Posterior

111
Q

pilonidial disease? Treatment?

A

young, obese males with sedentary lifestyles

fluctuant mass cehalad to the anus, in the intergluteal region

Treatment: open closure after drainage and sinus tracts excision

112
Q

Amatantadine?

A

dopamine agonist used to treat Parkinson’s disease

113
Q

Which ovarian masses produce estrogen?

A

granulosa

114
Q

Horedeolum

A

acute inglammatory disorder of the eyelash follicle or tear gland

115
Q

Alternative treatemnt for syphilis is allergic to penicilliin?

A

Doxycycline, only desensitize when CNS involvement , failures, or pregnancy

116
Q

Signs of amphetamine intoxication?

A

agitation, psychosis, tachycarida, hypertension, mydriasis, cardiac arrhythmias, seizures, intracerebral hemorrhage

117
Q

Leriche syndrome?

A

bilateral hip, thign, buttock claudication, impotence, summetric atrophy of the bilateral lower extremities

118
Q

anterior to the ear swelling in a child without vaccines?

A

Mumps

119
Q

Side effect of levodopa and carbidopa?

A

Hallucinations (in older patients) somnolence, dskinesia

120
Q

Cauda equina syndrome vs conus medullaris syndrome?

A

Cauda equina - redicular pain, saddle anesthesia, hyporeflexia/areflecia, late onset bowel and bladder dysfunction

Conus medullaris- symmetric motor weakness, hyperreflecia, early onset bowel and bladder dysfunction

121
Q

Galactokinase deficiency

A

cataracts only, otherwise asymptomatic

122
Q

normal pressure hydrocephalus vs vascular dementia?

A

vascular dementia has unilateral signs

123
Q

Common causes of priaprism?

A

sickle cell disease, leukemia

perineal or genital trauma

neurogenic lesions

medications (trazodone, prazosin)

124
Q

Low volume urine outpout with high volume times?

A

Obstruction, especially in unilateral kidneys

125
Q

G6PD inheritance?

A

X-linked

126
Q

Bone conduction > air condition? Causes?

A

Conductive hearing loss, cerumen impaction, middle ear fluid, orosclerosis

127
Q

Risk factors for breast cancer?

A

Alcohol consumption, hormone replacement herapy, nulliparity, increased at of first birth

128
Q

How to cool during heat stroke?

A

Rapid cooling, ice bath

129
Q

Neuroimaging in schizophrenia?

A

enlarge ventricles (lateral) and decreased hippocampus and amygdala

130
Q

S. aureus vs bartonella?

A

Bartonella is more insidious in onset

131
Q

epigastric pain that is relieved by leaning forward?

A

Chronic pancreatitis

132
Q

How does albuterol affect potassium?

A

Causes potasium to shift intracellularly via the sodium potassoi, ATPase pump -> hypokalemia

133
Q

Cause of neuroleptic malignant syndrome?

A

Dopamine dysregulation via D3 antagonism

134
Q

What drugs prevent ventircular remodeling post MI?

A

ACE-I

135
Q

Defect in Wiskott Aldrich syndrome? Treatment?

A

impaired cytoskeletal changes in leukocytes, platelets

Treatment: Stem cell transplant

136
Q

pulsus bisferiens?

A

biphasic pulse seen in aortic regurgitation separated by a midsystolic click

137
Q

Hepatic findings in Reyes syndrome?

A

microvescibular steatosis

138
Q

ECG findings in left ventricular hypertrophy

A

high voltage QRS, lateral ST segment depression, lateral T wave inversion

139
Q

concave abdomen and barrel chest? Managment?

A

Congeital diaphramatic hernia

Intubate

140
Q

Hereditary spherocytosis, risk?

A

Acute cholecystitis due to pigmented gallstones

141
Q

calcium around the heart, think?

A

constrictive pericarditis

142
Q
A
143
Q

How can topical anesthetics cause a blue baby? Lab findings?

A

Methemoglobinemia, when used excessively

Labs: ~85% pulse ox, normal partial pressure of O2

144
Q

Morton neuroma

A

pain between third and fourth toes on the planar surface with clicking sensation

145
Q

Effects of mitral regurgitation?

A

papillary muscle displacement -> abrupt and excessive volume overload -> left atrial and ventricle filling pressures

146
Q

Child with dry cough, hoarseness, inspiratory stridor?

A

Croup (larynhotrachietis

147
Q

tricuspid murmur?

A

holosystolic murmur that becomes louder with inspiration

148
Q

Dermatomyositis/polymrositis

A

Muscle fiber injury

symmetrical. proximal muscle weakness, interstial lung disease, esophageal dusmotility, gotton papules

149
Q

Manifestations of pseudogout?

A

rhomboid shaped, positive birefringence crystals

chondrocalcinosis on imaging

inflammatory effusion (15,000-30,000)

150
Q

Men2B syndrome?

A

Medullary thyroid, pheochromocytoma

Mucosal neuromas/marganoid

151
Q

Treatment for impetigo?

A

Topical mupirocin or cephalexin, dicloxacillin, clindamycin

152
Q

Lambert-Eaton vs Myasthenia Gravia?

A

Lambert-Easton Calcium channels presynaptic, MG- post-synaptic acetylchine receptor antibodies

153
Q

Osmotic vs secretory diarrhea?

A

Osmotic-nonabsorbed, unmeasured osmotically active agent oresent in GI tract -> elecated osmotic gap

Secretory- due to increased secretion of ions -> reduces osmotic gap (associated with surgery, chorlea, etc)

154
Q

Hepatorenal syndrome

A

cirrhosis -> splanchnic arterial dilation -> activated renin-angiotensin systen -> rebak vasoconstriction -> decreased perfusion and glomerula filtration

155
Q

Takayasu arteritis-treatment?

A

Glucocorticoids

156
Q

Spin papule with ulceration of nonpurulent odorless draining and primximal lesions along lymphatic chain (without lympadenopathy)? Treatment? Location

A

Sporotrichosis, think gardeners

dimorphic fungus from decaying vegetation

Treatment itraconazole for several months

157
Q

mupirocin

A

treatment for impetigo (topical)

158
Q

Treatment for group A strep?

A

Penicillin

159
Q

Risk with chondrocalcinosis?

A

calcium pyrophosphate dehydrate

(calcification of articular cartilage

160
Q

increased MCHC, hemolytuc anemia, jaundice, splenomegaly in northern european decent?

A

hereditary spherocytosis

161
Q

What causes cardiac arrest in hypovolemis shock?

A

loss of right ventricle preload

162
Q

What is the crescent sign?

A

arc of ecchymosis distal to the medial malleolus

163
Q

neiman pick disease type A

A

cherry red macule, protuberent abdomen, hepatosplenomegaly

fetal by 3

cause dby sphingomuelinase deficiency

hypotonia

164
Q

Recurrent pneumonia in the same location? Next step?

A

localized airway obstruction

Next step: CT to identify lung mass

165
Q

First line treatment for pertussis?

A

Macrolides

166
Q

Milk-alkali syndrome? Lab findings?

A

excessive intake of calcium an sbsortable alkali (carbonate) -> renal vasoconstriction -> inhibitor of Na-K-2Cl transports -> impaired ADH -> loss of sodium and free water -> hypovolemia and increased rebabsorption of bicarb

Lab: metabolic alkalosus, AKI<, hypomagnesemia, hypophosphatemia

167
Q

What does HBeAg suggest?

A

active viral replication

168
Q

Acute diverticulitis

A

inflammation due to microperporation of a diverticulum

169
Q

Treatment for ED in a patient with cardiovascular disease?

A

Sildenafil = phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor

170
Q

Inheritance of the muscular dystrophies?

A

Bcker, duchenne (X-linked recessive)

Myotonic- autosomal dominant expansion of CTG in DMPK on chromosome 19

171
Q

Riluzole MoA

A

glutamate inhibitor

172
Q

Treatment for wolf-parkinson white?

A

Hemodynamically unstable: electrical cardioversion

Stable- protainamide, ibutilide

173
Q

Cushing reflex?

A

Hypertension, bradycardia, hypertension

174
Q

Angioedema cause?

A

C1 inhibtor deficiency, defect -> increase in bradykinin and C2b

175
Q

Best factor for everall patient survical in sudden cardiac arrest?

A

elapsed time to effective resuscitation (rhythm analysis and defibrillatoin

176
Q

Signs of bartonella henselae infection? Treatment?

A

localized papular skin lesion that should initially go unnoticed, with regional lymphadenopathy in 1-2 weeks

Treatment: Azithromycin

177
Q

Patient with lower urinary tract symptoms and signs of AKI? Next step?

A

renal ultrasound

178
Q

Features of chest pain suggestive of esophageal origin?

A

prolonged pain, asting more than an hour, post prandial symptoms, heartburn, dysphagia

179
Q

Cyclophosphamide risk?

A

Bladder carcinoma

180
Q

Opiod withdrawal signs?

A

diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, muscle pain, lacrination, sweating

181
Q

Krabbe disease

A

galactocerebrosidase deficiency

AR lysosomal storage disease

hypotonia, a reflexia, developmental delays

182
Q

pulsus paradoxus?

A

cardiac temponade

183
Q

Most commonca cause of sudden cardiac arrest immedaitely post-infarct?

A

Peentrant ventricular arrhythmias

184
Q

Histology findings in xanthelasmas?

A

lipid-filled macrophages

185
Q

Erythromycin why contraindicated in pregnancy?

A

acute cholestatic hepatitis

186
Q

Biggest risk factor for antiphospholipid syndrome?

A

SLE

187
Q

First step in managing suspected infective endocarditis?

A

Blood culture draw

188
Q

Caput seccendaneum

A

diffuse, ecchymotic swelling of the scalp

189
Q

Risk in supracondylar fractures of the humerus?

A

Brachial artery or medial nerve entrapment

190
Q

Treatment for all women in labor with active HSV infection?

A

C-section

191
Q

What does a null hypothesis do?

A

Show no association between variables of interest

192
Q

Hyperlipidemia in primary biliary cirrhosis?

A

HDL increased over LDL, no increased risk for athrosclerosis

193
Q

nontender nodules on the elbow, high ESR, morning stiffness? Joints involved?

A

Rheumatoid arthritis

Joints: MCP, PIP, knees, elbow, ankles, shoulder

194
Q

Tay sacks

A

caused by beta-hexosanubudase A deficiency

cherry red macula, , loss of motor mile stones, hyperreflexia

195
Q

First liune therapy for chemotherapy-induced nausea?

A

Serotonin receptor antagonists (ondansetron)

196
Q

CMV retinitis vs herpes simplex?

A

CMV is painless, hemorrhages around vessels with fluffiness, not keratitis

HSV-rapidly progressing bilateral necrotizing retinitis -> central retina necrosis, peripheral vision loss

197
Q

Ealy findings in NF1?

A

Marcocephaly, feeding problems, short stature, cafe-au-late spos, learning disabilities

198
Q

Quad screening findings in down syndrome? 18?

A

down- increased inhibit A and beta-hCG

18-normal inhibin, decreased everything else

199
Q

Lab finidngs in G6PD?

A

low hemoglobin, increased indirect bilirubin, decreased haptoglobin

200
Q

Electrolyte abnormalities in tymor lysis syndrome?

A

hyperuricemia, hyperkalemia and phosphatemia, hypocalemia

201
Q

Affect of PE on V/Q?

A

Increasd alveolar-artrial oxygen gradient

202
Q

HTN despital more than 3 hypertensive agents of different clases should be evaluated for? Murmur?

A

Renal artery stenosis

systolic-diastolic abdominal bruit

203
Q

Primary polydipsia vs central DI vs nephrogenic?

A

Primary- increased water, low Na

Central- decreased ADH from pituitary, high Na

Nephrogenic - ADH resistence in kindey, normal Na

204
Q

Effect modification

A

external variable positively or negatively impacts the effects of a risk factor

205
Q

Diamond-Blackfan syndrome

A

congenital hypoplastic anemia

congenital anomalies, macrocytic anemia, low reticulocyte

206
Q

Diagnosis? reatment?

A

Atopic dermatitis (eczema)

emollients, hydrocortisone

207
Q

photosensitive skin that develops vescicles and bullae with slightly elevated liver enzymes? Association?

A

porphyria cutanea tarda. associated with Hepatitis C

208
Q

Causes of myasthenic crsis? Signs? Treatment?

A

Cauinfection (UTI, fluoroquinolones)

Signs: generalized and oropharyngeal weakness, respiratory insufficiency

Treatment: intubation for deteriorating respiratory status, plasmapheresis or IVIG and corticosteroids

209
Q

Sertoli-Leydig tumors produce?

A

Androgens

210
Q

elderly patient with severe lymphocytosis, combined with hepatosplenomegaly, lemphadenopathy and bicytopenia (anemia, throbocytopenia)

A

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia

211
Q

Hereditary spherocytosis inheritance?

A

Autosomal dominant

212
Q

Prader-willi signs? Cause? Complications?

A

Signs-hypotonia weak suck in ifancy, obesity, short stature, hypogonadism, narrow forehead, almond-shaped eye, downturned mouth

Cause: deletion of paternal chromosome 15

Complications: sleep apnea, DM II, gastric distention/rupture, Death by choking

213
Q

Initial presentation in coarctation of the aorta?

A

Epistaxis, headaches, lower extremity claudication

214
Q

Ramsay-hunt syndrome

A

herpes infectoin in the ear, presenting with facial nerve palsy and vescicles in the ear canal

215
Q

resting tremor cause?

A

basal ganglia dysfunction

216
Q

Treatment for restless leg syndrome?

A

Pramprexole, a dopamine agonist

217
Q

Pralidoxime?

A

antidote for cholinergic toxicity

Given with atropine and reactives the cholinesterase enzyme

218
Q

Fear of presenting in pront of people is classified under what?

A

Social anxiety disorder

219
Q

Treatment for cocaine toxicity and myocardial ischemia?

A

intravenous benzodiazepines -> reduce anxiety and agitation

220
Q

toddler with difficulty swallowing, fedding refusal, and vomiting? Treatment?

A

goreign body ingestion

flexible endoscopy

221
Q

Different blood pressures in the upper extremities with palpable thrill in the suprasternal notch? Long term complications?

A

Supravalvular aortic stenosis

Long-term complications- coronary artery stenosis, myocardial ischemia

222
Q

Triad for disseminated gonococcal infecion?

A

polarthralgia, tenosynovitis, painless vesivulopustular skin lesion

223
Q

Cause of baker cyst?

A

OA, rheumatoid arthritis

224
Q

How to reduce flushing with niacin?

A

Give aspirin

225
Q

Method of immunity in pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine?

A

T-cell independent B-cell response

226
Q

What is gestational HTN?

A

HTN after 20 weeks

227
Q

Somoatic symptom disorder vs illness anxiety disorder??

A

SSD: excessive anxiety and preoccupatio with 1 + unexplained symptoms

IAD: fear of having a serious symptom despite few or no symptoms and constistently negative evuation

228
Q

Why in antiphospholipid syndrome can RPR be a false positive

A

They both have cardiolipin

229
Q

aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease

A

nasal polyps, wheezing following NSAIDS, asthma

230
Q

Pharmacotherapy for organophosphate poising? Organophosphate MoA

A

Atropine -> competes with acetylcholine at the muscarinic receptor

Organophosphate -cetylcholinesterase -> cholinergic excess

231
Q

Fragile X inheritance?

A

X-linked dominant

232
Q

Idiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura should be tested for?

A

HIV and Hepatitis C

233
Q

Most common cause of urinary tract obstruction in newborn boys? Leads to?

A

Posteruir urethral valves -> bilateral hydronephrosos, oligohydramnios, physical anomalies, limb deformaties

234
Q

Mental status changes, hypothermia, bradypnea, hypoxia? End goal?

A

opiod intoxication, treat with Naloxone

End goal: breathing rate greater than 12

235
Q

Structural abdnoralities in the orbitofrontal cortex on imaging? What other structure?

A

OCD

basal ganglia

236
Q

Patellofemoral pain syndrome, treatment?

A

activity modification, stretching and strengthening

237
Q

Takayasu arteritis?

A

women age <40, with vasculitis involving primary the aotra and brances of the upper body

Characterized by mononuclear infiltrates and granulomatous inflammation of the vascular media -> wall thickeing -> aneurysmal dilation and narrowing

USMLE Step 2 CK (12 decks)

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