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Eye Disease > Uveitis > Flashcards

Uveitis Flashcards

1
Q

what is uveitis?

A

inflammation of uveal tract

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2
Q

what are the 4 types of uveitis

A
  • anterior
  • intermediate
  • posterior
  • panuveitis
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3
Q

what are the 2 types of anterior uveitis?

A
  • iritis
  • iridocyclitis
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4
Q

what part of the eye does iritis affect?

A

iris

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5
Q

what part of the eye does iridocyclitis affect?

A

iris and anterior ciliary body (pars plicata)

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6
Q

aetiology?

A
  • autoimmune
  • prior infections (Herpes simplex and zoster etc)
  • idiopathic
  • trauma/infection
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7
Q

what can anterior uveitis be classified as (2 groups)?

A

Granulomatous
Non- granulomatous

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8
Q

what is non-granulomatous uveitis?

A
  • acute onset
  • fine KPs
  • idiopathic
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9
Q

what is granulomatous uveitis?

A
  • chronic
  • mutton fat KP’s and iris nodules
  • linked to systemic conditions
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10
Q

which antigen will you most likely test positive with if you have anterior uveitis?

A

HLA-B27

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11
Q

typical symptoms of anterior uveitis?

A
  • Red eye
  • Unilateral (bilateral or alternating if chronic)
  • rapid onset (acute)
  • moderate-severe dull pain (behind the eye)
  • reduced/hazy vision
  • photophobic (less when chronic)
  • epiphora
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12
Q

SIGNS of anterior uveitis

A
  • ciliary flush
  • KPs
  • cells and flare
  • iris nodules (granulomatous)
  • miosis
  • raised IOPS
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13
Q

the larger the KPs…

A

the more chronic the condition

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14
Q

what is kruckenberg’s spindle?

A

melanin forms a line on central cornea

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15
Q

what are cells?

A

WBCs

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16
Q

how do you grade cells?

A

SUN grading scale:

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17
Q

what is flare?

A

proteins leaked from damaged iris blood vessels - bv = increased vascularity

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18
Q

cells + flare =

A

active inflammation

19
Q

flare with NO cells =

A

no active inflammation

20
Q

2 types of iris nodules?

A
  • bussaca
  • koeppe
21
Q

what are bussaca?

A

whitish yellow lumps on surface of iris

  • internal iris stroma
  • GRANULOMATOUS UVEITIS
22
Q

what are koeppe?

A

cellular aggregates at the pupil border
accumulate pigment over time

23
Q

what are the complications of anterior uveitis?

A

anterior and posterior synechiae?

24
Q

where are anterior synechiae?

A

between iris and posterior cornea

25
Q

where are posterior synechiae?

A

between iris and lens

26
Q

OPTOM MANAGEMENT OF FIRST EPISODE?

A

urgent (1 week) referral to ophthalmologist
if severe pain, reduced VA or raised IOP - SAME DAY

  • sunglasses for photophobia
  • cycloplegic to prevent synechiae formation and reduce ciliary spasm
  • analgesics
27
Q

OPTOM MANAGEMENT OF SUBSEQUENT EPISODES?

A
  • refer back to HES
  • check IOPs
  • monitor for ocular complications
  • near add for cyclo?
28
Q

Opthalmologist management of anterior uveitis?

A
  • cyclopentalate 1%
  • steroid (dex or prednisolone)
  • treat any glaucoma or immunosuppression
29
Q

DDs of anterior uveitis?

A
  • scleritis
  • episcleiris
  • angle closure glaucoma
30
Q

what is the least common type of uveitis?

A

intermediate

31
Q

what conditions have a strong link with intermediate uveitis?

A

Multiple Sclerosis (MS)

32
Q

which parts of the eye are affected in intermediate uveitis?

A

pars plana
extreme periphery of retina
choroid

33
Q

symptoms of intermediate uveitis?

A
  • bilateral
  • floaters - inflam cells / debris in the vit humour
  • reduced VA - inflam cells in the vit humour
  • hazy vision
34
Q

signs of intermediate uveitis?

A
  • yellow exudates in peripheral retina
  • exudates may break off and form snow banks
35
Q

OPTOM MANAGEMENT OF INTERMEDIATE UVEITIS

A
  • refer to HES “soon” (dunno about timescale sorry)
36
Q

Opthalmological management of intermediate uveitis?

A
  • steroid drops
  • steroid injections
  • immunosuppressants
  • vitrectomy
37
Q

what are the complications of intermediate uveitis?

A
  • secondary glaucoma
  • PSC
  • vitreous detachment / haem
  • RD / tears
  • ONH swelling
  • macular oedema
38
Q

what is the most common cause of posterior uveitis?

A

toxoplasmosis

39
Q

signs of posterior uveitis?

A

retinitis (right) and choroiditis (left) and vasculitis (bottom)

40
Q

OPTOM MANAGEMENT OF POSTERIOR UVEITIS

A

referral to HES “soon”

41
Q

what parts of the eye does panuveitis affect?

A

UVEA = iris + ciliary body + choroid
retina
vitreous humour

42
Q

what’s the difference between hypopyon and hyphema?

A

hypopyon = WBCs in AC
hyphema = RBCs in AC

43
Q
A

Eye Disease (48 decks)

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