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Eye Disease > Allergic Eye Disease > Flashcards

Allergic Eye Disease Flashcards

1
Q

What is the ocular manifestation of hayfever?

A

Seasonal allergic conjunctivitis

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2
Q

What are sight threatening allergic eye disease?

A

Atopic keratoconjunctivitis and vernal keratoconjunctivitis

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3
Q

Which part of the eye does allergic eye diseases normally effect?

A

The conjunctiva

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4
Q

Name the three allergic conjunctivitises

A

1) SAC
2) PAC
3) AAC

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5
Q

What are is another name for giant papillary conjunctivitis?

A

Contact lens associated papillary conjunctivitis

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6
Q

What is contact dermatoconjunctivitis?

A

Allergic reactions to cosmetics or drugs that are treating another eye disease

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7
Q

What are five typical signs or an allergic eye disease?

A

1) Oedema (chemosis)
2) Pupillae
3) Hypereamia
4) Follicules
5) Mucus discharge

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8
Q

What are signs on the lids or allergic eye disease?

A

1) Oedema
2) Hypereamia
3) Bleph
4) Ptosis

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9
Q

What are signs with the keratoconjunctivitis eye disease (to do with the cornea & there are 6)?

A

1) Keratitis
2) Infiltrates
3) Ulceration
4) Plaques
5) Scarring
6) Trantas dots

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10
Q

What is trantas dots?

A
  • infiltrates (degeneration of epithelial cells) around the cornea
  • sign of vernal keratoconjunctivits
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11
Q

What are the 6 common symptoms of allergic eye disease?

A

1) Itching
2) Irritation
3) Burning
4) Epiphora
5) Photophobia
6) Blurred vision

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12
Q

What are is the aetiology of acute allergic conjunctivitis?

A
  • Self-limiting
  • Type 1 hypersensitivity reaction
  • Allergens (grass, pollen ect)
  • unilateral or bilateral
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13
Q

What is the management of acute allergic conjunctivitis?

A
  • Self limiting so resolves within a few hours
  • Cool compress for symptomatic relief
  • Allergen avoidance
  • Topical or oral antihistamines (rare for this disease)
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14
Q

What is the medical name for hayfever?

A

Seasonal allergic rhinitis

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15
Q

What is the peak months in hayfever season?

A

May or June

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16
Q

Will tree pollen hayfever suffers get their signs or symptoms earlier or later ?

A

EARLIER due to the trees blossoming

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17
Q

What is the aetiology of seasonal allergic conjunctivitis?

A

Seasonal allergens

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18
Q

What is the aetiology of perennial allergic conjunctivitis?

A

Allergens like a house dust mite

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19
Q

What is a predisposing factor of seasonal/perennial allergic conjunctivitis?

A

FH

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20
Q

Give an example of an acute allergic conjunctivitis reaction.

A

Bee sting on the eyelid

21
Q

What are signs of seasonal/perennial allergic conjunctivitis ?

A
  • Hypereamia
  • Chemosis
  • Lid oedema
  • Diffuse papillary reaction
  • No corneal involvement
22
Q

What is the non-pharmacological management of seasonal/perennial allergic conjunctivitis ?

A
  • Allergen avoidance
  • Cool compress
  • Artificial tears
  • Allergen exclusion
23
Q

what are examples of how to achieve allergen avoidance/exclusion? (there are a fair few)

A
  • Limit outdoor activity,
  • use AC
  • reduce humidity
  • wear protective eyewear
  • barrier cover for mattress and pillows
  • occlusive glasses
  • induced ptosis (only in severe cases)
24
Q

What is some pharmacological management options for seasonal/perennial allergic conjunctivitis?

A

-Antihistamines
- Mast cell stabilisers (sodium cromoglicate)
- Combination of antihistamines and mast cells stabilisers

25
Q

What is the aetiology of giant papillary conjunctivitis?

A
  • Contact lens wear (mechanically induced)
  • Exposed sutures
  • Filtration bleb (trabeculectomy)
26
Q

When are predisposing factors of giant papillary conjunctivitis ?

A

-History of atopy
- Poor lens hygiene (build up of protein deposits

27
Q

What key symptoms of giant papillary conjunctivitis ?

A
  • Mild irritation
  • Itching
  • Increased lens awareness
28
Q

What are signs of giant papillary conjunctivitis ?

A
  • Papillae variable in size and position
  • Tops of papillae stained with Fluorescein
  • Palpebral conjunctival hyperaemia
  • Increased mucus discharge
  • Protein deposits on the contact lens
29
Q

What is the management of giant papillary conjunctivitis ?

A
  • Lens hygiene
  • Disposable lenses
  • Mast cell stabilisers
30
Q

What is the aetiology of conjunctivitis medicamentosa?

A

Can be caused by eye drops or cosmetics applied to the eye lids

31
Q

What are signs of conjunctivitis medicamentosa?

A
  • Lid oedema
  • Chemosis
  • Follicular conjunctivitis (not papillae )
32
Q

What are symptoms of conjunctivitis medicamentosa ?

A
  • Burning
  • Stinging
  • Epiphora
33
Q

What is the management of conjunctivitis medicamentosa?

A
  • Identify and withdraw allergen
  • Systemic anti-histamines
34
Q

What is the aetiology of atopic keratoconjunctivitis ?

A
  • VKC for adults
  • young M px’s
  • perennial (all year)
35
Q

What are predisposing factors of atopic keratoconjunctivitis ?

A

Atopic history (disorders relating to allergy)like asthma and eczema

36
Q

What are symptoms of atopic keratoconjunctivitis ?

A
  • Itching
  • Epiphora
  • Blurred vision
  • Mucus discharge
37
Q

What are signs of atopic keratoconjunctivitis ?

A
  • Eyelids thickened, crusted
  • Bleph
  • Conjucntival hyperaemia
  • Corneal involvement
38
Q

Where is atopic keratoconjunctivitis managed?

A

secondary care (can be managed if mild and no corneal involvement)

39
Q

How is atopic keratoconjunctivitis managed?

A
  • Mild= sodium cromoglicate
  • severe= referred for steroids, immunosuppressants, antibiotic
  • both= good lid hygiene
40
Q

What is the aetiology of vernal keratoconjunctivitis?

A
  • Allergic disorder for children
41
Q

What are predisposing factors of vernal keratoconjunctivitis ?

A
  1. Onset <10 yrs old
  2. Worse in spring
  3. Atopic history
42
Q

What are four symptoms of vernal keratoconjunctivitis ?

A
  • Itching
  • Epiphora
  • Blurred vision- due to corneal involvement
  • Photophobia
43
Q

What are signs of vernal keratoconjunctivitis? (there are 9)

A
  • Mucus discharge
  • Giant papillae
  • Hypereamia
  • Trantas dots
  • Punctate corneal staining
  • Erosion
  • Plaque
  • Scarring of the cornea along visual axis (this is the sight threatening complication)
44
Q

What is the management of vernal keratoconjunctivitis ?

A
  • Cold compress
  • Mast cell stabilisers (MORE LIKELY MANAGEMENT)
  • Corticosteroids
  • Mucolytics (drugs that break down mucus)
  • Ciclosporin (verkasia)
45
Q

what is a mucolytic?

A

drugs that breaks down the extensive mucus formed

46
Q

how does ciclosporin work?

A

Immunosuppressant that works on T-cells

47
Q

what else is conjunctivitis medicamemntosa known as?

A

contact Dermatoconjunctivitis

48
Q

what is a corneal plaque?

A

collection of mucus, epithelial cells, lipid, and proteinaceous debris attached to corneal epithelium.

Eye Disease (48 decks)

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