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Ophthalmology > Uveal Diseases > Flashcards

Uveal Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

What makes up the anterior uvea?

A
  1. Iris

2. Ciliary body

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2
Q

What makes up the posterior uvea?

A

Choroid

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3
Q

True or False: The uvea lacks vascularization.

A

FALSE: The uvea is highly vascularized.

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4
Q

Congenital and developmental uveal diseases are rare, with the exception of what?

A

Persistent pupillary membrane

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5
Q

What is it called when the two eyes are different colors?

A

Heterochromia iridis

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6
Q

What is it called when one eye is multiple colors?

A

Segmental heterochromia

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7
Q

Heterochromia iridic may be associated with the ____ gene.

A

Merling gene

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8
Q

Which breeds may be predisposed to heterochromia iridis?

A
  1. Australian shepherd
  2. Great dane
  3. Collies
  4. Dachshund
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9
Q

What do you call retained iris strands?

A

Persistent pupillary membranes

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10
Q

The pupillary membrane should be gone by what age?

A

6 weeks of age

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11
Q

Persistent pupillary membranes are most of concern iris to iris, iris to cornea, or iris to lens?

A
  1. Iris to cornea

2. Iris to lens

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12
Q

What are the clinical signs associated with uveitis in the dog?

A
  1. Pain (blepharospasm, epiphora, photophobia)
  2. Corneal edema
  3. Hypopyon
  4. Hyphema
  5. Aqueous flare
  6. Aqueous fibrin
  7. Miosis
  8. Decreased IOP
  9. Episcleral vascularization
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13
Q

What are the possible causes of uveitis in the dog?

A
  1. Exogenous: (1) trauma, (2) surgery, (3) corneal ulceration or perforation
  2. Endogenous: (1) lens-induced uveitis, (2) lens luxation, (3) infection, (4) neoplasia, (5) autoimmune, (6) toxic, (7) metabolic
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14
Q

Is uveitis in the dog a unilateral or bilateral condition?

A

Either unilateral or bilateral (bilateral if due to a systemic disease)

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15
Q

How would you go about treating uveitis in a dog?

A
  1. Topical corticosteroids or NSAIDs up to 6x/day
  2. Topical cycloplegic (atropine)

DO NOT USE STEROIDS IF CORNEAL ULCER PRESENT

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16
Q

What are the 2 effects of atropine?

A
  1. Dilate the pupil

2. Paralyze the ciliary body

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17
Q

In which breed are pigmentary uveitis and anterior uveal cysts recognized in?

A

Golden Retrievers

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18
Q

Pigmentary uveitis is associated with pigment dispersion where in the eye?

A
  1. Anterior lens
  2. Anterior chamber
  3. Corneal epithelium
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19
Q

Pigmentary uveitis is associated with ____ and ____ of the iris.

A
  1. Darkening

2. Thickening

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20
Q

What is mycoses-associated uveitis?

A

Uveitis due to disseminated mycotic infections

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21
Q

How would you diagnose a mycoses-associated uveitis?

A
  1. Urine antigen
  2. Fungal culture
  3. Aqueous paracentesis
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22
Q

How would you treat a mycoses-associated uveitis?

A
  1. Systemic anti-fungals
  2. Steroids (topical (6x.day)+ systemic (BID))
  3. Enucleation if blind or painful
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23
Q

What is the main cause of blindness in horses?

A

Equine recurrent uveitis

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24
Q

What are the ā€œtriggersā€ of ERU?

A
  1. Leptospirosis
  2. Strep equi
  3. Brucellosis
  4. Neoplasia
  5. Trauma
  6. Tooth root abscess
25
Q

True or False: Equine recurrent uveitis is generally unilateral.

A

FALSE: Bilateral

26
Q

Which breed of horses is genetically predisposed to ERU? (Higher incidence of uveitis, higher incidence of blindness due to ERU, greater severity all compared to other breeds?)

A

Appaloosas

27
Q

What are the 3 main manifestations of ERU?

A
  1. Classic
  2. Insidious
  3. Posterior
28
Q

What is the chronic form of ERU?

A

Waxing and waning

29
Q

What is the insidious form of ERU?

A

Inflammation that never resolves

30
Q

What is the posterior form of ERU?

A

Affects the vitreous and retina

31
Q

Calcified band keratopathy is one complication associated with ERU. What potentiates this?

A

Topical corticosteroids

32
Q

The calcified band may slough. Why is this of concern?

A

When it sloughs it may cause cornea ulcers

33
Q

How would you treat equine recurrent uveitis?

A

Systemically: NSAIDs (Flunixin meglumine, Phenylbutazone), corticosteroids

Topically: Mydriatrics (Atropine), Prednisolone, Dexamethason, NSAIDs

34
Q

What is iris atrophy?

A

Thinning of the iris stroma

35
Q

What would be a common signalment for a dog with iris atrophy?

A

Middle-aged to older

36
Q

True or False: Iris atrophy causes a reduced menace response.

A

FALSE: Iris atrophy causes a reduced PLR

37
Q

Iris atrophy may occur secondary to what 3 conditions?

A
  1. Chronic uveitis
  2. Glaucoma
  3. Trauma
38
Q

Are uveal cysts congenital or acquired?

A

Either

39
Q

Do uveal cysts affect the anterior chamber or posterior chamber?

A

Either

40
Q

What type of treatment is required for a uveal cyst?

A

Typically none

41
Q

Uveal cysts may be associated with _____ in Golden retrievers with ____.

A

Uveal cysts may be associated with GLAUCOMA in Golden retrievers with PIGMENTARY UVEITIS.

42
Q

Uveal cysts can be deflated by ____ or ____.

A

Uveal cysts can be deflated by LASER or NEEDLE ASPIRATION.

43
Q

What is the most common primary intraocular tumor?

A

Melanocytic tumor

44
Q

True or False: Melanocytic neoplasms have a high rate of metastasis.

A

FALSE: Melanocytic neoplasms have a LOW rate of metastasis.

45
Q

Are melanocytic neoplasms more common in younger or older dogs?

A

Older

46
Q

Melanocytic neoplasia may be inherited. Which breed may be most affected?

A

Labrador retriever

47
Q

What are 2 types of ciliary body tumors?

A
  1. Adenoma

2. Adenocarcinoma

48
Q

About what percentage of lymphoma patients will show ocular involvement?

A

1/3 ~ 33%

49
Q

What are the 4 methods of treating a primary ocular tumor?

A
  1. Local excision
  2. Laser therapy
  3. Enucleation
  4. Exentration
50
Q

What is enucleation?

A

Removal of the whole eye

51
Q

What is exentration?

A

Removal of the contents of the orbit

52
Q

What 3 breeds are most affected by uveodermatologic syndrome?

A
  1. Akita
  2. Siberian husky
  3. Samoyed
53
Q

With uveodermatologic syndrome, which clinical signs precede the other, dermatologic findings or ocular findings?

A

Ocular findings

54
Q

What are the ocular findings associated with uveodermatologic syndrome?

A
  1. Iris bombe
  2. Glaucoma
  3. Uveitis
  4. Posterior synechiae
  5. Uveal depigmentation
  6. Cataract
  7. Blindness
55
Q

How would you treat uveodermatologic syndrome?

A

Immunosuppression: topical and systemic corticosteroids (Cyclosporine, Mycophenolate, Azathioprine)

56
Q

What is diffuse iridal melanoma?

A

Progressive pigmentation of the iris over months to years

57
Q

With diffuse iridal melanoma in the cat, when is enucleation indicated?

A
  1. Glaucoma
  2. Dyscoria
  3. Invasion of the drainage angle
58
Q

Metastasis of diffuse iridal melanoma may involve what 2 organs?

A
  1. Liver

2. Lung

59
Q

Feline leukemia viruses effects on the eye.

A
  1. The virus may affect the ciliary ganglion of the short ciliary nerves, causing the pupil to take on a ā€œDā€ shape
  2. Anisocoria

Ophthalmology (8 decks)

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