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Ophthalmology > The Orbit > Flashcards

The Orbit Flashcards

1
Q

What is the ligament that completes the orbit in the dog and cat?

A

Orbital ligament

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2
Q

What are the 10 general signs of orbital disease?

A
  1. Strabismus
  2. Enophthalmos
  3. Exophthalmos
  4. Lack of retropulsion
  5. Elevated 3rd eyelid
  6. Conjunctival hyperemia
  7. Exposure keratitis
  8. Indentation on fundus
  9. Pain/swelling on palpation
  10. Pain on opening mouth
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3
Q

What could be the 3 general causes of a strabismus?

A
  1. Rupture of extraocular muscle
  2. Neurological problem with CN 3, 4, or 6
  3. Space occupying orbital lesion
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4
Q

What is proptosis?

A

Traumatic displacement of the globe, entrapped in front of the eyelids

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5
Q

What is buphthalmos?

A

Globe enlargement due to glaucoma

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6
Q

What is macropalpebral fissue?

A

Seen in brachycephalic breeds with shallow orbits

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7
Q

What is phthisis bulbi?

A

Shrunken globe due to chronic inflammation

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8
Q

What is microphthalmia?

A

Congenital small globe

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9
Q

What are 4 causes of enophthalmos?

A
  1. Ocular pain
  2. Horner’s syndrome
  3. Emaciation/dehydration
  4. Muscle atrophy due to chronic myositis
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10
Q

What are the 2 types of myositis?

A
  1. Extraocular myositis

2. Masticatory muscle myositis

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11
Q

Is myositis generally unilateral or bilateral?

A

BILATERAL

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12
Q

If myositic more commonly seen in the young or the old?

A

Young

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13
Q

Which muscles are affected in extraocular myositis?

A
  1. Rectus muscles
  2. Oblique muscles
  3. Retractor bulbi
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14
Q

Which muscle are affected by masticatory muscle myositis?

A
  1. Temporalis
  2. Masseter
  3. Pterygoid
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15
Q

Which breeds are affected by extraocular myositis?

A
  1. Golden retriever

2. Labrador retriever

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16
Q

Which breeds are affected by masticatory muscle myositis?

A
  1. GSD
  2. Golden retriever
  3. Labrador retriever
17
Q

What diagnostic tests are available to test for masticatory muscle myositis?

A
  1. Imaging (CT scan)

2. Antibodies to 2M

18
Q

What is the main treatment modality for masticatory muscle myositis?

A

Systemic immunosuppression (prednisone, azathioprine) for 3-4 weeks, than slow taper

19
Q

Is myositis generally bilateral or unilateral?

A

Bilateral

20
Q

Is a zygomatic gland mucocele bilateral or unilateral?

A

Either

21
Q

True or False: Zygomatic gland mucoceles are generally very painful.

A

FALSE: typically painless

22
Q

What are 2 etiologies associated with zygomatic gland mucocele development?

A
  1. Head trauma

2. Inflammation of the oral mucosa –> obstruction of outflow and cyst formation

Ophthalmology (8 decks)

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