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Ophthalmology > Eyelids > Flashcards

Eyelids Flashcards

1
Q

What is the greek word for eyelid?

A

Blepharon

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2
Q

What is the latin word for eyelid?

A

Palpebra

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3
Q

What is the latin word for eyelash?

A

Cilium

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4
Q

Which nerve innervates the orbicularis oculi muscle?

A

Palpebral branch of the facial nerve

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5
Q

Blocking which nerve allows for eye examination in the large animal?

A

Auriculopalpebral nerve

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6
Q

One function of the eyelid is to contribute to the tear film layer. What do the meibomian glands produce?

A

Mucin

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7
Q

What do the conjunctival goblet cells produce?

A

Mucin

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8
Q

When do the eyelids normally open in a healthy pup or kitten?

A

10-14 days of age

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9
Q

When do the eyelids open in a healthy foal?

A

Open at birth

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10
Q

When do the eyelids open in a healthy calf?

A

Open at birth

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11
Q

True or False: Premature opening of the eyelids is rather common in the dog.

A

FALSE: Premature opening of the eyelids is UNCOMMON in the dog and cat.

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12
Q

Premature opening can lead to corneal dessication. How can you prevent this?

A

Lubricate!

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13
Q

What is the term used for “delayed eyelid opening”?

A

Ankyloblepharon

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14
Q

Is ankyloblepharon more common in dogs or cats?

A

Dogs

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15
Q

What is ophthalmia neonatorum?

A

Conjunctivitis with accumulation of mucus +/- secondary infection

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16
Q

What 2 pathogens are most commonly seen with ophthalmia neonatorum in the cat?

A
  1. Chlamydophila felis

2. Staph

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17
Q

What pathogen is most commonly seen with ophthalmia neonatorum in the dog?

A

Staph

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18
Q

What is trichiasis?

A

When cilia or hairs arise from a normal dermal location and are directed towards the ocular surface

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19
Q

What is distichiasis?

A

When cilia arise from the meibomian gland and point towards the ocular surface

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20
Q

What are the 2 most common methods of correcting distichiasis?

A
  1. Cryoepilation

2. Electroepilation

21
Q

True or False: With distichiasis, shorter hairs can cause more damage.

A

TRUE

22
Q

What is an ectopic cilia?

A

Arises from the meibomian gland but courses through the palpebral conjunctiva

23
Q

What is the curative treatment of choice for an ectopic cilia?

A

Surgical excision

24
Q

What is the term used for “eyelid agenesis”?

A

“Coloboma” of the eyelid

25
Q

What is the treatment of choice for eyelid agenesis?

A

Surgical correction

26
Q

Is eyelid agenesis more common in the dog or cat?

A

Cat

27
Q

Is eyelid agenesis commonly unilateral or bilateral?

A

Bilateral

28
Q

Is eyelid agenesis commonly medial or lateral?

A

Lateral

29
Q

What is entropion?

A

Inward rolling of the eyelid margin

30
Q

In which 2 species is entropion most common?

A
  1. Dog

2. Sheep

31
Q

In medium and large breed dogs, entropic instability is typically at which canthus?

A

Lateral canthus

32
Q

In miniature breed dogs, entropic instability is typically at which canthus?

A

Medial canthus

33
Q

What are the clinical signs associated with entropion?

A
  1. Epiphora
  2. Blepharospasm
  3. Conjunctival hyperemia
  4. Corneal changes (ulceration, pigmentation, vascularization)
34
Q

In treating entropion, what are the conditions under which you would consider temporary tacking?

A
  1. Young, immature animal
  2. Spastic entropion due to keratitis, trichiasis, etc.
  3. Entropion secondary to a treatable condition
35
Q

What is ectropion?

A

Eversion of the eyelid margin

36
Q

Is ectropion more common in large or small breeds of dogs?

A

Large

37
Q

Which eyelid tumor is the MOST COMMON in the dog?

A

Meibomian gland adenoma

38
Q

Which eyelid tumor is the MOST COMMON in the cat?

A

SCC

39
Q

Which eyelid tumor is the MOST COMMON in large animals?

A

SCC

40
Q

What is the treatment of choice for an eyelid tumor?

A

Simple mass removal when the mass is smaller than 25-30% of the eyelid length

41
Q

What is chalazion?

A

A non-neoplastic enlargement of the meibomian gland

42
Q

True or False: Chalazion is generally rather painful.

A

FALSE: Chalazion is a PAINLESS swelling.

43
Q

What is the curative treatment for chalazion?

A

Surgical drainage

44
Q

What is meibomian adenitis?

A

Inflammation of the meibomian gland

45
Q

How would you treat meibomian adenitis?

A
  1. Amoxicillin + clavulanic acid
  2. Doxycycline
  3. Cephalosporin
46
Q

What is blepharitis?

A

Inflammation of the eyelids

47
Q

What are the underlying causes for blepharitis?

A

Dermatologic conditions

  1. Bacterial - staph
  2. Mycotic - trichophyton, microsporum
  3. Parasites - demodex, sarcoptes
  4. Allergies
  5. Immune-mediated
48
Q

What is the treatment for blepharitis?

A

Treat the underlying condition (anti-inflammatories)

Ophthalmology (8 decks)

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