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Y2 DERM > UV, moles & Skin Cancer > Flashcards

UV, moles & Skin Cancer Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

is p53 a tumour supressor or an oncogene

A

tumour suppressor

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2
Q

is Rb a tumour suppressor or an oncogene

A

tumour suppressor

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3
Q

is Ras a tumour suppressor or an oncogene

A

oncogene

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4
Q

what is the medical word for an age spot

A

actinic or solar lentigo

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5
Q

what size of a naevi makes it more likely to be dysplasic

A

> 6mm

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6
Q

what does a spitz nevi look like

A

non-pigmented mole

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7
Q

what is a melanoma mimic in a child

A

spitz naevi

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8
Q

what cells are blue naevi formed from

A

spindle cells

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9
Q

are junctional naevi pigmented

A

yes

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10
Q

what is the other name for a basal cell papilloma

A

seborrhoeic keratosis

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11
Q

what is the pathology of seborrhoeic keratosis

A

benign keratinocyte proliferation, hyperkeratosis, acanthosis

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12
Q

what is the management of seborrhoeic keratosis

A

cryotherapy

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13
Q

what is the commonest skin malignancy

A

basal cell carcinoma

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14
Q

basal cell carcinomas are locally invasive. true or false

A

true

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15
Q

squamous cell carcinomas are locally invasive. true or false

A

true

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16
Q

basal cell carcinomas don’t metastasise. true or false

A

true

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17
Q

squamous cell carcinomas don’t metastasise. true or false

A

false: 5% metastasis risk

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18
Q

are basal cell carcinomas more commonly seen in the elderly or middle age group?

A

middle age group

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19
Q

are squamous cell carcinomas more commonly seen in the elderly or middle age group?

A

elderly

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20
Q

where are basal cell carcinomas

A

sun exposed sites

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21
Q

where are squamous cell carcinomas

A

sun damaged sites or injury sites

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22
Q

basal cell carcinomas are fast growing. true or false

A

false; can be present for years before diagnosis

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23
Q

squamous cell carcinomas are fast growing. true or false

A

true

24
Q

which types of skin cancer can be described as a central rodent ulcer

A

basal cell carcinoma

25
Q

which type of skin cancer can be described as a pearly colour

A

basal cell carcinoma

26
Q

basal cell carcinomas are normally painful. true or false

A

false

27
Q

squamous cell carcinomas are normal painful. true or false

A

true

28
Q

what is the management of a basal cell carcinoma

A

excise or vismodegib

29
Q

what is the management of squamous cell carcinoma

A

excise. radiotherapy if metastasis

30
Q

name the 3 squamous cell carcinoma precursor lesions

A

bowen’s disease, keratoacanthoma, actinic keratosis

31
Q

what is the pathology of bowen’s disease

A

squamous cell carcinoma in situ, no dermal invasion but epidermal dysplasia

32
Q

what is the presentation of bowen’s disease

A

scaly non-pigmented erythematous plaque

33
Q

what is the management of bowen’s disease

A

cryotherapy or phototherapy

34
Q

where are actinic keratosis found

A

sun exposed skin

35
Q

what is the management of actinic keratosis

A

cryotherapy or topical cream imiquimod. no surgery

36
Q

what are the possible mutations in melanoma

A

Ras or B-Raf or MAPK

37
Q

when is melanoma capable of metastasis

A

when in vertical growth phase

38
Q

what are the types of melanoma

A

superficial spreading melanoma
nodular
lentigo maligna
acral melanoma

39
Q

what is the commonest type of melanoma

A

superficial spreading melanoma

40
Q

what tool is used to describe and assess melanoma on examination

A 
A asymmetry
B border
C colour
D diameter >6mm/change
E evolution / elevation
41
Q

how are mutations tested for in melanoma

A

using paraffin fixed tissue

42
Q

when is sentinel node biopsy indicated for melanoma

A

if >1mm thick or with mitosis

43
Q

what is Breslow’s thickness and what does it measure

A

a prognostic indicator for melanoma, distance from deepest point to the granular layer

44
Q

what is the 5 year survival rate for a Breslow thickness <1mm

A

> 95%

45
Q

what is the 5 year survival rate for a Brewlow thickness >4mm

A

50%

46
Q

what is the 5 year survival rate for melanoma with metastasis

A

5%

47
Q

what is the management of melanoma if SNB is positive

A

regional lymphadenectomy

48
Q

how big a margin should be cleared for melanoma in situ (RGP)

A

5mm

49
Q

how big a margin should be cleared for melanoma thats <1mm invasive

A

1cm

50
Q

how big a margin should be cleared for melanoma thats >1mm invasive

A

2cm

51
Q

what is the management of metastatic melanoma

A

chemotherapy

52
Q

what biologic can be used for a c-kit mutation melanoma

A

imatinib

53
Q

what biologics can be used for a BRAF mutation melanoma

A

dabrafenib or vemurafenib

54
Q

what anaesthetic is used for skin cancer surgery

A

lidocaine + adrenaline to prolong anaesthesia

55
Q

where should adrenaline be avoided

A

end arteries

Y2 DERM (11 decks)

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