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Y2 DERM > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

where does the popliteal artery split to its branches

A

within the popliteal fossa

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2
Q

what are the names of the popliteal artery branches

A

anterior tibial artery and posterior tibial artery

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3
Q

what artery is the dorsalis pedis a continuation of

A

anterior tibial artery

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4
Q

what artery to the medial and lateral plantar arteries bifurcate off of

A

posterior tibial artery

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5
Q

what are the branches of the brachial artery

A

radial artery and ulnar arery

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6
Q

where does the brachial artery split to its branches

A

cubital fossa

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7
Q

how many digital arteries are there per digit

A

4

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8
Q

what is the definition of end artery

A

The only blood supply to a given area of the body

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9
Q

what is the risk in end arteries

A

occlusion leading to infarction

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10
Q

what drug should be avoided in end arteries

A

adrenaline-containing local anaesthetic

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11
Q

how to limit blood loss in trauma

A

apply a tourniquet proximal to site of injury

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12
Q

where to palpate common carotid artery

A

Anterior to sternocleidomastoid muscle at level of upper border of thyroid cartilage

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13
Q

where to palpate brachial artery

A

medial to biceps tendon in the cubital fossa

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14
Q

where to palpate radial artery

A

lateral to tendon of flexor carpi radialis

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15
Q

where to palpate femoral artery

A

inferior to midpoint of inguinal ligament

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16
Q

where to palpate popliteal artery

A

in popliteal fossa (immediately posterior to knee joint)

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17
Q

where to palpate posterior tibial artery

A

between the posterior border of the medial malleolus & the achilles tendon

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18
Q

where to palpate dorsalis pedis artery

A

medial to tendon of extensor hallucis longus distal to the ankle joint

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19
Q

define ischaemia

A

Inadequate oxygenation of cells/tissues/organ due to an interruption to blood supply

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20
Q

what is the pathology of increased venous drainage pressure

A

back pressure into capillary bed then into the arterion, preventing normal arterial in-flow

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21
Q

are superficial or deep veins thicker

A

deep veins

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22
Q

where do superficial veins run

A

in superficial fascia

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23
Q

where do deep veins runs

A

deep to deep fascia and in body cavities

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24
Q

what is forms superficial fascia

A

Loose connective tissue and fat

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25
Q

what is contained in superficial fascia

A

Superficial blood vessels, cutaneous nerves, lymphatics and sweat glands

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26
Q

what is the function of deep fascia in relation to the limbs

A

forms intermuscular septa and invests muscles

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27
Q

what colour is deep fascia

A

white

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28
Q

what is deep fascia formed of

A

Dense connective tissue

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29
Q

what are the names of deep fascia of the upper limb

A

pectoral fascia, deltoid fascia, brachial fascia, antebrachial fascia

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30
Q

what are the names of the deep fascia of the lower limb

A

fascia lata (thigh), iliotibial tract, crural fascia (leg)

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31
Q

name the superficial veins of the upper limbs

A

cephalic veins, basilic vein, median cubital veins, dorsal venous network

32
Q

what does the cephalic vein arise from

A

dorsal venus network

33
Q

where does the cephalic vein run

A

deltopectoral groove on lateral aspect of limb

34
Q

what does the cephalic vein drain to

A

axillary vein

35
Q

what vein does the axillary vein become and where

A

Becomes subclavian at lateral border of rib 1

36
Q

what does the basilic vein arise from

A

dorsal venous network

37
Q

where does the basilic vein run

A

medial aspect of upper limb

38
Q

what and where does the basilic vein drain to

A

into brachial vein at level of mid-arm

39
Q

what superficial vein of the arm is present in 20% of people

A

Median vein of forearm

40
Q

name the superficial veins of the lower li,b

A

great saphenous vein, small saphenous vein, dorsal venous arch

41
Q

what does the great saphenous vein arise from

A

dorsal venous arch

42
Q

where does the great saphenous vein run

A

medial aspect of limb

43
Q

what and where does the great saphenous vein drain

A

into femoral vein around femoral triangle

44
Q

what does the small saphenous vein arise from

A

dorsal venous arch

45
Q

where does the small saphenous vein run

A

posterior midline of leg

46
Q

what and where does the small saphenous vein drain to

A

to popliteal vein posterior to knee

47
Q

what are the only unilateral deep veins

A

SVC and IVC

48
Q

what does the IVC branch to

A

common iliac veins

49
Q

what do the common iliac veins branch to

A

internal and external iliac veins

50
Q

name the deep veins of the lower limb

A

femoral vein, deep femoral vein, popliteal vein, fibular vein, anterior & posterior tibial vein, plantar arch

51
Q

name the deep veins of the upper limb

A

subclavian vein, axillary vein, brachial vein, radial vein, ulnar vein, superficial & deep palmar venous arches

52
Q

what physiological mechanism involves skeletal muscles increases venous return

A

musculovenous pump

53
Q

what is the function of venous valves

A

Ensure unidirectional blood flow against gravity

54
Q

what pathology occurs when venous valves become incompetent

A

flow reverses into superficial veins causing varicosity

55
Q

what veins link superficial and deep veins

A

perforating veins

56
Q

what are the risks of chronic venous insufficiency

A

deep venous stasis and superficial microcirculatory deficiencies

57
Q

what condition is caused by superficial microcirculatory deficiences

A

skin ulceration

58
Q

what condition is caused by deep venous stasis

A

thrombosis/embolism

59
Q

where is the commonest site of venous ulceration

A

gaiter area: medial aspect of distal leg

60
Q

what happens in an embolism in a pulmonary artery

A

Infarction of one lung

61
Q

what happens in an embolism in the pulmonary trunk (a saddle embolus)

A

Complete occlusion arrests the circulation

62
Q

in which vessels does a DVT arise

A

Anterior/posterior tibial veins or fibular vein

63
Q

where are deep lymphatics of the upper limblocated

A

Follow deep veins of upper limb

64
Q

what do superficial lymphatics of the upper limb arise rom

A

plexuses in fingers and hand

65
Q

where are superficial lymphatics of the upper limb located

A

Follow cephalic and basilic veins

66
Q

where do superficial basilic nodes drain to

A

cubital LN then lateral axillary LN

67
Q

where do superficial cephalic nodes drain to

A

apical axillary LN

68
Q

where do deep lymphatics of the upper limb drain to

A

lateral axillary LN

69
Q

where do lateral and apical axillary LN drain to

A

subclavian lymphatics

70
Q

where are the superficial lymphatics of lower limb

A

Follow saphenous veins

71
Q

where do lymphatics around the great saphenous vein drain to

A

superficial inguinal LN then to external iliac LN or deep inguinal LN

72
Q

where do lymphatics around the small saphenous vein drain to

A

popliteal LN then deep inguinal LN then external iliac LN

73
Q

where do external iliac LN drain to

A

common iliac nodes

74
Q

complications of elliptical incision

A

nerve injury or bleeding

75
Q

what are Langer lines

A

skin tension lines

76
Q

what angle of oval in an ellipitcal excision

A

30 degree

77
Q

what type of suture is used to shut elliptical excision

A

simple interrupted sutures

Y2 DERM (11 decks)

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