Non-Inflammatory Skin Diseases Flashcards by Imogen Smedley

what is the pathology of vitiligo

autoimmune, loss of melanocytes

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what are the types of epidermolysis bullosa

simplex, junctional, dystrophic, aquista

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what layer of the skin is affected for epidermolysis bullosa to scar

dermis (dystrophic type)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what is a haploinsufficiency mutation

1 working copy, 1 inactivated from mutation

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what is the presentation of epidermolysis bullosa

skin falls off, tight mitten hands

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what is a comedone

clogged pilosebaceous unit

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what is the difference between a blackhead and a whitehead

whitehead: closed comedone
blackhead: open comedone

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what type of bacteria colonise the duct in acne vulgaris

anaerobic diphtheriods

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what occludes in the duct in acne vulgaris

keratin and sebum

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what areas of the body are affected by acne vulgaris

sebaceous gland site; face, chest, back

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what age some risk factors for acne vulgaris

FH, contraceptive pill, teenager, CCS, drugs

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what is the first line management of acne vulgaris

PO doxycycline + TOP retinoid + benzyl peroxide

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what kind of drug is benzyl peroxide

keratolytic

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what kind of drug is a retinoid

vit A derivative

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what is the 2nd line management of acne vulgaris

PO isotrenitoin + PO contraceptive

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what type of drug is isotrenitoin

systemic retinoid

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what has to been considered when prescribing isotrenitoin

only hospital can prescribe and teratogen, also many side effects

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what is the management of acne vulgaris in a patient that can’t tolerate isotrenitoin

PO steroids and dapsone cream

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what condition is linked to acne rosacea

rhinophyma

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what ages are affected by acne rosacea

30-60 years

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what gender is more commonly affected by acne rosacea

females

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what infecting organism is found in acne rosacea

demodex mites

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what areas are affected by acne rosacea

central face, chin, forehead

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what are the triggers of acne rosacea

alcohol, spine, temp, UV

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

are there comedones in rosacea

what is the pathology of rosacea

vascular ectasia, perifollicular granulomas

what is the 1st line management of rosacea

PO tetracycline or TOP metronidazole, suncream

what managements can be considered 2nd line for rosacea

isotrenitoin, telangiectasia vascular laser

what is the inheritance pattern of tuberous sclerosis

autosomal dominant but new mutations common

what is mutated in tuberous sclerosis

tuberin / hamartin tumour regulating genes

what areas of the body are affected by tuberous sclerosis

nails, teeth, skin, heart, lung kidney

what is seen on the nails in tuberous sclerosis

periungual fibromata and longitudinal nail ridging

what is seen on the teeth in tuberous sclerosis

tooth enamel pitting

what is seen on the skin in tuberous sclerosis

shagreen patches, ash-leaf depigmented macules, facial angiofibroma

what type of tumour can affect internal organs in tuberous sclerosis

hamartoma

what is seen on x-ray in tuberous sclerosis

bone cysts

what is the management of tuberous sclerosis

rapamycin

what type of drug is rapamycin

m-TOR signalling inhibitor

what is acrochordons

skin tag

what is striae distensae

stretch marks

what is hidradenitis suppurativa

boils in apocrine areas

what effect does obesity have on collagen

deceases collagen deposition decreasing mechanical strength

what endocrine pathology occurs in the skin in obesity

increased androgens in peripheral fat, increased apocrine/eccrine activity

is microvascular or macrovascular dysfunction occurring in the skin in obesity

microvascular

how can obesity affect hair

hirsutism or androgenic alopecia

what is the name of the pigmented rash in the axillae seen in obesity

acanthosis nigricans

what is itertrigo

red plaque in skin fold

what is the pathology of porphyria

metabolic disorder where porphyrins e.g. heme accumulate in skin

what is the commonest type of porphyria

PCT porphyria cutanea tarda

what is the presentation of porphyria cutanea tarda

blister, fragile skin, sunburn easily, hyperpigmented, hypertrichosis

what is hypertrichosis

excess hair growth

what is the pathology of erythropoetic protoporphyria

ferrochelatase deficiency

what organ other than the skin is affected by erythropoetic protoporphyria

liver

what is the presentation of erythropoetic protoporphyria

sunburn easy, itch, red, swelling

what is the presentation of acute intermittent porphyria

rare attacks of severe pain, nausea, vomiting, BP, (doesn't affect skin)

what is the pathology of nelson's disease

benign pituitary tumour causing excess melanin stimulating hormone

what is the presentation of lymphoedema

champagne flute shape legs, thick skin, scaling

what type of ulcer is lymphoedema a risk factor for

venous ulcers

what is the definition of a chronic leg ulcer

open lesion between knee and ankle joint unhealed for >4 weeks

what is the most common type of chronic leg ulcer

venous

what causes hyperpigmentation in chronic leg ulcers

haemosiderin deposits in venous dermatitis

where are venous leg ulcers found

gaiter area / above medial malleolus

where are arterial leg ulcers found

proximal or foot

what conditions are linked to venous leg ulcers

varicosity, lipodermatosclerosis, obesity

what kind of leg ulcer causes patients to swing their leg out of the bed

arterial

what is the presentation of arterial leg ulcers

punched out, deep, cold, +- absent pulse

what condition linked to crohn's disease can cause leg ulcers

pyoderma gangrenosum

what condition linked to diabetes mellitus can can leg ulcers

necrobiosis lipoidica

what test determines where a chronic leg ulcer is arterial or venous

ABPI ankle brachial pressure index

what is a normal ABPI

what is an arterial ulcer ABPI

less than <0.6

what is a venous ulcer ABPI

0.8-1.3

what causes a ABPI > 1.5

calcification in diabetes or renal failure

when is a swab required for an ulcer

if pain, exudate, malodour

what is the management of necrotic tissue in an ulcer

debride, hydrogrel, honey

what organisms in an ulcer require antibiotic treatment

s. aureus or a. pyogenes

what is the basic pathology of neurofibromatosis

nerve ending overgrowth

what is the inheritance pattern of neurofibromatosis

autosomal dominant

what is seen on the skin in both types neurofibromatosis

coast of maine macules and cafe au lait

which type of neurofibromatosis affects the eyes and what does it cause

type 1, causes optic gliomas and lisch nodule

which tumours are very suspicious of neurofibromatosis type 2

bilateral vestibular schwannoma and meningiomas

which type of neurofibromatosis causes axillary freckling and learning difficulties

type 1