UTIs

Question 1

What are the symptoms of a UTI?

Answer 1

Dysuria (painful/difficult urination), increased frequency of urination, pyrexia, nausea+vomiting

Question 2

What organisms may cause a UTI?

Answer 2

E.coli (commensal in colon), Candida albicans (commensal in vaginal flora)

Question 3

How would you treat a UTI due to E.coli?

Answer 3

Trimethotroprim, Folic acid inhibitor (in some cases prophylactic antibiotics=effective)

Question 4

How would you treat a UTI due to Candida albicans?

Answer 4

Topical: nystatin/ clotrimazole IV fluconazole. Systemic: Amphotericin B

Question 5

Name another condition which is cause by Candida albicans.

Answer 5

Vaginal Thrush

Question 6

Outline the mechanism of infection for acquiring a UTI from Candida albicans

Answer 6

Single dose of antibiotics eliminates microbiota–> yeast overgrowth–>urinary tract catheter

Question 7

What are some risks factors for acquiring a UTI?

Answer 7

Incomplete bladder emptying, pregnancy, sexual activity, catheter, antibiotic use

Question 8

How would you diagnose a UTI?

Answer 8

History, dipstick analysis, urine culture