HIV Flashcards
What type of virus is HIV?
Retrovirus
Which cells (specifically) does HIV infect?
Cell w./ CD4 receptors
- T-helper lymphocytes
- (Monocytes/macrophages)
What’s the proportion of men to women with HIV?
69% Men
31% Women
What percentage of people don’t know they are infected with HIV?
13%
What is the average age of diagnosis for HIV?
40yrs
What proportion of people who inject drugs have HIV? (PWID)
3.8/1000
How is HIV diagnosed?
- BLOOD TEST:
- Viral protein (antigen Ag)
- Immunoglobulin (antibody Ab)
- PCR: detects nucleic acid- v.sensitive BUT expensive and slow results
How is HIV transmitted?
Contact with INFECTED BODILY FLUID
eg mucosal tissue/blood/broken skin
What factors affect HIV transmission? (4)
- Type of exposure
- Type of sexual act
- transfusion vs needlestick vs mucous membrane
- Viral level (viral load) in blood (in person with HIV)
- Condom use
- Breaks in skin/mucosa
- eg Other STI - inflammation of genital tract
- Sexual assault
What are the aims of treatment of HIV? (6)
- Detect HIV early
- Reduce general inflammation
- Reduce transmission
- Good quality of life
- Normalise lifespan
- Reconstitute CD4 count+immune system
What is the outcome for patients with HIV?
- Chronic infection (+/-) disability
- Death= probable if not diagnosed early enough
What are the main symptoms of acute HIV infection?
What are the conditions associated with severe HIV?
What are the ‘rapid tests’ used to diagnose HIV?
Detect HIV antibody (take <1hr)
- Blood test (finger prick)
- Oral (saliva)
In home testing
If negative=accurate
BUT
May get false positve: need to confrim with serology
Who should be tested for HIV?
- Everyone if rate >2/1000 in population
- If present with symptoms (see symptoms flashcards)
- If present with any STI
What drugs are used to treat HIV?
Anti-retroviral drugs
Why must a patient with HIV continue to take retrovirals?
Virus replicates and mutates quickly
What strategies can be used to treat and reduce the prevalence of HIV?
- Increase condom usage
- Prevention of mother–>child transmission (screening)
- ARV treatment (as prevention)
- Medical circumcision
- PEP
- PrEP
What are some ethical dilemas surrounding HIV?
- Psychological impact of diagnosis
- Stigma
- Patient confidentiality vs:
- Health of mother
- Health of child
- Health of sexual contact
- Risk to other patients/staff at work place
In the UK what is the current life expectancy for HIV +ve?
78Years (2 less than general population)
(Provided: healthy living, treatmentm adherence, early detection)
Give an example of an ARV.
- Protease inhibitor
- NRTI
- Integrase inhibitor
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