UTIs Flashcards
Why are UTIs common in pregnant women?
Progesterone - relaxes smooth muscle - stasis results
What is the classic triad for pyelonephritis?
Vomiting
Flank loin pain
Fever
What are some symptoms of prostatitis?
Fever
Dysuria
Frequency
Lower back and perineal pain
What is virulence factor for Proteus mirabilis?
What is the clinical significance of this?
Urease
Urease +ve unlike salmonella allowing for differentiation between them.
Name 4 possible virulence factors for UTI causing organisms.
Adhesins/ fimbrae
K antigens
Haemolysins
Urease
What are some obstructive causes that predispose to UTI?
Enlarged prostate Pregnancy Stones Tumours Posterior urethral valves
What cases are saprophyticus UTIS common in?
Young women who are sexually active (honeymoon cytitis)
How do we store midstream urine samples?
4 degrees with boric acid to prevent multiplication
When is supra-pubic aspiration likely to be used to obtain sample?
Neonates <2
What is a con of using nitrite as a test for UTI?
Not all bacteria convert nitrate to nitrite.
Gram +ves dont
Haemophilus
Staphylococcus
Streptococcus
What does a positive LE test indicate?
Pyuria
Give 2 scenarios when dipstick is not useful.
Acute uncomplicated UTI in women
Men with typical severe symptoms
Catheterised patients
Older patients without features of infection
What is defined as abacterial cystitis?
What may cause it?
Cytistis presentaiton w/o positive culture.
Low bacterial counts
Fastidious organisms
STIs
Non-infective inflammation
What is the general treatment for uncomplicated cystitis?
What is an exception to this?
3 day PO course of trimethoprim or nitrofurantoin.
Only give ABx if systemic features.
What is the treatment for pyelonephritis?
Co-amoxicillin, ciprofloxacin and gentamicin (IV)
