UTIs Flashcards

1
Q

Why are UTIs common in pregnant women?

A

Progesterone - relaxes smooth muscle - stasis results

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2
Q

What is the classic triad for pyelonephritis?

A

Vomiting
Flank loin pain
Fever

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3
Q

What are some symptoms of prostatitis?

A

Fever
Dysuria
Frequency
Lower back and perineal pain

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4
Q

What is virulence factor for Proteus mirabilis?

What is the clinical significance of this?

A

Urease

Urease +ve unlike salmonella allowing for differentiation between them.

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5
Q

Name 4 possible virulence factors for UTI causing organisms.

A

Adhesins/ fimbrae
K antigens
Haemolysins
Urease

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6
Q

What are some obstructive causes that predispose to UTI?

A
Enlarged prostate 
Pregnancy 
Stones
Tumours 
Posterior urethral valves
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7
Q

What cases are saprophyticus UTIS common in?

A

Young women who are sexually active (honeymoon cytitis)

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8
Q

How do we store midstream urine samples?

A

4 degrees with boric acid to prevent multiplication

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9
Q

When is supra-pubic aspiration likely to be used to obtain sample?

A

Neonates <2

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10
Q

What is a con of using nitrite as a test for UTI?

A

Not all bacteria convert nitrate to nitrite.

Gram +ves dont

Haemophilus
Staphylococcus
Streptococcus

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11
Q

What does a positive LE test indicate?

A

Pyuria

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12
Q

Give 2 scenarios when dipstick is not useful.

A

Acute uncomplicated UTI in women
Men with typical severe symptoms
Catheterised patients
Older patients without features of infection

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13
Q

What is defined as abacterial cystitis?

What may cause it?

A

Cytistis presentaiton w/o positive culture.

Low bacterial counts
Fastidious organisms
STIs
Non-infective inflammation

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14
Q

What is the general treatment for uncomplicated cystitis?

What is an exception to this?

A

3 day PO course of trimethoprim or nitrofurantoin.

Only give ABx if systemic features.

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15
Q

What is the treatment for pyelonephritis?

A

Co-amoxicillin, ciprofloxacin and gentamicin (IV)

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16
Q

Give some kidney diseases associated with UTIs.

A

Duplex ureter/ kidney
Polycystic kidney
Vesicoureteric reflux
Pelvic kidneys