GFR And Clearance

Question 1

What is normal GFR?

Answer 1

90-120ml/min/1.73m2

Women lower range

Question 2

When does nephron development finish by?

Answer 2

35th to 35th week of development

Question 3

When dies GFR start to decline and at what rate?

Answer 3

30 yo

6-7 ml/min per decade

Question 4

Nephron number increases with pregnancy, true or false?

Answer 4

False

Question 5

Why is insulin not used to measure GFR?

Answer 5

Requires continuous intravenous infusion to maintain steady state
Requires catheter and timed urine collections

Question 6

Where is 51 Cr EDTA used to measure GFR?

What is an issue with it?

Answer 6

Children
Where indication of renal function is required - kidney transplant or work up fo kidney transplant donor

10% lower clearance than incline possibly due to reabsorption occurring

Question 7

What are the 4 things a substance should ideally have to calculate GFR from it?

Answer 7

Production at a constant rate
Freely filtered across the membrane
Not reabsorbed along the nephron
Not secreted into the nephron

Question 8

Is creatinine overestimation of GFR increased or decreased in renal impairment?

Answer 8

Increased

Question 9

Name a drug that can cause increased serum creatinine

Answer 9

Trimethoprim

Question 10

Why should protein uria be measured early morning ideally?

Answer 10

Removes the orthostatic and exercise effect

Question 11

Give some symptoms of uraemia.

Name 2 cells that are affected by urea.

Answer 11

Nausea 
Vomiting
Fatigue
Anorexia
Weight loss
Muscle cramps
Pruritis 
Mental state changes (encephalopathy) 

Leukocytes and platelets