UTI long Flashcards
What’s the most common pathogen in UTI?
E. coli
What is Bacteriuria?
Presence of bacteria in urine
What is asymptomatic Bacteriuria?
Presence of bacteria in urine in the absence of signs/symptoms
What is symptomatic bacteriuria?
Presence of bacteria in urine w/ signs and symptoms of infection
What does lower UTI involves?
Bladder, prostate and urethra
What is cystitis?
Symptomatic infection of the bladder
What body parts do upper UTI involves?
Involves the kidney and ureter
What acute pyelonephritis?
Symptomatic infection of kidneys
Define Prostatitis?
inflammation of the prostate gland
What are common pathogens that cause UTIs in young women’s?
E. coli, Staphylococcus Saphrophyticus (honeymoon bug)
What bacteria is most common in UTI related STDs?
Chlamydia trachomatis
What gender is more prone to getting UTIs? why?
females because of shorter Urethra
Where do we get E.coli infections from?
GI fecal flora
How are most UTIs caused by Ecoli?
caused by feces that enter the ureter and ascend to the bladder. it can cause inflammation (cystitis)
How is Pyelonephritis caused?
Bacteria may ascend to ureter into the kidneys causing Upper UTI (Pyelonephritis)
How does ecoli travels?
they possess flagella to enable motility
What is fimbriae?
“fingers” it binds to bladder uroepithelia surfaces
what are some of the virulence factors of UTI?
Urease: reduction of urea levels in urine
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS): Lipid A endotoxin that provoke an inflammatory response (i.e., Cytokine release)
what are some of the host factors for UTI?
Obstruction: Urine flushing by bladder keep urine bacteria-free obstruction of urinary flow. it increases risk of getting UTI. High levels of bacterial ureases (e.g., Proteus) that can form kidney stones
most patient with a bladder catheter will develop cystitis.
FTB: Urine is typically _________ and contains high ____________ concentration that inhibits bacterial growth.
Acidic, High urea.
What is prostatitis?
Inflammation of the prostate gland (enlarged) and surrounding tissue due to infection
What does PEK usually cause?
Bacterial acute or chronic prostatitis. Most common form is chronic.
What type of bacteria most commonly causes Prostatitis?
E. coli
what causes Acute pyelonephritis?
Symptomatic infection of kidneys (Usually caused by PEK)
Name some of the medications that are primarily eliminated in feces.
Moxifloxacin, Macrolids, Rifampin
nosocomial (Hospital Acquired) infections usually have _____________
B-lactamases (Penicillins, Cephlasporinases, ESBLs)
How does B-Lactamase effects Cephlasporins?
No effect.
T/F? Cephalosporins are not resistant to some Gram-negative B-Lactamases (ESBLs)
True
What type of bacteria have ESBLs?
only gram negatives, which destroys all B-lactam antibiotics
what can be deactivate by carbapenemases?
Carbapenems ( i know duh stfu)
B-lactam resistance is due to what?
destruction by B-lactamases and ineffective binding to PBP2a in MRSA
What B-lactam is covers MRSA?
Ceftaroline
T/F? Enterococcus/VRE is resistant to Cephalosporins and flouroquinolones.
True
What is special about Methanamine salts (Urex)
Methanamine component is hydrolyzed to formaldehyde in acid urine with antibacterial activity.
