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ID > Exam 1 drugs and targets > Flashcards

Exam 1 drugs and targets Flashcards

1
Q

What’s the class of SMX-TMP

A

Sulfonamide

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2
Q

What bacterias the SMX-TMP covers?

A

MSSA, CA-MRSA, PEK

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3
Q

What’s the class of Nitrofurantoin?

A

Nitrofurans

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4
Q

What Bacterias does Nitrofurans cover?

A

+VRE, PEK

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5
Q

What is the class of Fosfomycin?

A

Phosphonic acid

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6
Q

What is the class of Metronidazole?

A

Nitroimidazoles

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7
Q

What bacteria are covered by Metronidazole?

A

Anaerobes and Clostridium (Not C.Diff)

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8
Q

What bacteria are covered by Fosfomycin?

A

MSSA, MRSA, +VRE, PEK

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9
Q

What is the cell target for fosfomycin?

A

NAM Synthesis

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10
Q

What process is affected by Fosfomycin?

A

Cell wall synthesis

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11
Q

What’s is the cell target of SMX-TMP?

A

Dihydropteroate Synthesis

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12
Q

What is the Process affected by Sulfamethoxazole?

A

Folic acid synthesis

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13
Q

Toxicities of SMX-TMP?

A

Steven-Johnsons Syndrome, Crystalluria, Anemia

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14
Q

What is the drug target in cell for Trimethoprim?

A

Dihydrofolate reductase

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15
Q

What is the process affected by Trimethoprim?

A

Folic acid synthesis

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16
Q

what are some toxicities associated with Trimethoprim?

A

Photo toxicity, Rash, pruritus

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17
Q

What are the Drugs Group I?

A

Fosfomycin, SMX-TMP, Nitrofurantoin, and Metronidazole

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18
Q

What drug causes brown color urine?

A

Nitrofurans

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19
Q

Whats the example of Fluoroquinolones?

A

Nalidixic acid, Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacin, Moxifloxacin, gemifloxacin, delafloxacin

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20
Q

What groups are covered by Nalidixic acid?

A

Gram (-) UTIs only

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21
Q

What bacteria are covered by Ciprofloxacin?

A

MSSA, PEK, PIDDLY, SPACE, atypicals

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22
Q

What bacteria are covered by Levofloxacin?

A

MSSA, Strep/Pneumonia, PEK, PIDDLY, SPACE, atypicals

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23
Q

What bacteria are covered by Moxifloxacin?

A

MSSA, Strep/Pneumonia, PEK, PIDDLY, SACE, atypicals, anaerobes.

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24
Q

What bacteria are covered by Gemifloxacin?

A

MSSA, Strep/Pneumonia, PEK, PIDDLY, SACE, atypicals

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25
Q

What bacteria are covered by Delafloxacin?

A

MRSA, Strep/Pneumonia, PEK, PIDDLY, SPACE

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26
Q

What are some of the antibiotics that inhibit enzymes of the folate metabolite biosynthesis.

A

Sulfonylanilines (Dapsone), Sulfonamides (Sulfamethoxazole), diaminopyrimidines (trimethoprim)

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27
Q

what antibiotic is good against Mycobaterium leprae?

A

Dapson

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28
Q

Whats one of the blood related side effects of sulfonamides?

A

Anemia

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29
Q

What are some of the contraindications for sulfonamides?

A

Megaloblastic anemia due to folate deficiency.

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30
Q

What is Sulfadiazine used for?

A

Topical skin infections

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31
Q

Sulfadiazine (Ag) is a bacteriastatic (T/F)

A

True

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32
Q

Sulfacetamide is used for what?

A

Conjunctivitis (Pink eye)

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33
Q

What are some of the examples of Sulfamethoxazole (Fixed dose) in US?

A

Co-trimazole or TMP-SMX with Trimethoprim

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34
Q

What are some of the examples of Sulfamethoxazole (Ratio dose) in US?

A

Bactrim and Septra (1:5 TMP:SMX)

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35
Q

SMX should not be used for Strep throat (T/F)

A

True

36
Q

What’s an example of Diaminopyrimidines?

A

Trimethoprim

37
Q

What’s the MOA of Diaminopyrimidines?

A

Inhibit the dihydrofolate reductase in the folic acid biosynthesis pathway.

38
Q

Whats the contraindication of Diaminopyrimidines?

A

Patients with megaloblastic anemia due to folate deficiency.

39
Q

What is Trimethoprim used for?

A

Rash, pruritus

40
Q

What is the mechanism of action for Quinolone antibiotics?

A

Inhibit DNA gyrase

41
Q

What are some of the toxicologies related to Quinolones?

A

Diarrhea, Tendon rupture, CDAD, Phototoxicity, QT interval prolongation, Hyperglycemia/hypoglycemia effects. Muscular weakness

42
Q

Whats the Black box warning for FQs?

A

Tendonitis and tendon rupture, exacerbated muscle weakness in patients with myasthenia gravis.

43
Q

FQs are okay to be used for patients under 16 year old (T/F)

A

False

44
Q

Why are FQs contra indicated in teenagers?

A

Risk to injury to the musculoskeletal system

45
Q

What are the directions to take FQs?

A

Do not eat 2hrs before or after taking the medication

46
Q

Why should you not take probenecid with FQs?

A

It interferes with elimination of all renally-excreted antibiotics increasing plasma levels

47
Q

Why FQs are contraindicated in children?

A

May cause Cartilage lesions

48
Q

How are FQs are excreted?

A

Renally except Moxifloxacin (Hepatic route)

49
Q

First generation of FQs are confined to which Bacteria group?

A

PEK

50
Q

List the First generational FQs

A

Nalidixic Acid

51
Q

What are the list of Second generational FQs?

A

Cipro, Norfloxacin, Oflaxacin

52
Q

What does Fluorine atom adds to the medication?

A

Adds lipophilicty aiding in outer membrane penetration.

53
Q

What does Piperazine ring does to the medication?

A

Increases bioactivity spectrum, also increases half-life

54
Q

How is Cipro eliminated?

A

Renally

55
Q

How many time of day you should take Cipro?

A

QD

56
Q

What All does Cipro covers?

A

MSSA, PEK, PIDDLY, SPACE, atypicals

57
Q

What are Third generations FQs?

A

Levofloxacin, Gatifloxacin

58
Q

What are the bacterias covered by Levofloxacin?

A

MSSA,Strep/Pneu, PEK, PIDDLY, SPACE and atypicals

59
Q

What bacteria is specifically covered by 3rd generation FQs?

A

S. pneumonia

60
Q

What’s the Levofloxacin geometry?

A

S-enantiomers and is 2x more potent

61
Q

How is Levofloxacin given?

A

Empirically

62
Q

What is Gatifloxacin used for?

A

Conjunctivitis

63
Q

Brand name of Gatifloxacin

A

Zymar

64
Q

What is the list of fourth generational quinolones.

A

Moxifloxacin, Gemifloxacin

65
Q

List the coverage of Moxifloxacin

A

MSSA, Strep/Pnue, PEK, PIDDLY, SACE, Anaerobes, Atypicals

66
Q

Whats the name of only FQ that covers anaerobes?

A

Moxifloxacin

67
Q

Is Gemifloxacin resistant to S.pneumonia

A

No, it is actually very effective

68
Q

List of the coverage of Delafloxacin

A

MSSA, MRSA, Strep/Pneumonia, PEK, PIDDLY, SPACE

69
Q

List 2 things that cause resistance of FQs

A

Efflux pumps, Mutates topoisomerases

70
Q

What type of drug is nitrofurans?

A

Prodrug

71
Q

What are the toxicities of Nitrofurantoin?

A

GI irritant, Dark urine

72
Q

Brand name for Nitrofurantoin

A

Macrobid

73
Q

What is the activity spectrum of Nitroimidazole?

A

Anaerobic bacteria

74
Q

What type of drugs are Nitroimidazoles?

A

Prodrug

75
Q

MOA for Nitroimidazoles

A

It requires Bacterial nitroreductase to be activiated (prodrug) and nitro radical interacts with DNA causing the strand break

76
Q

List the Nitroimidazole drugs

A

Metronidazole, Tinidazole

77
Q

What type of infections does Metronidazole treats?

A

”Below the diaphragm” infections due to anaerobic bacteria (Bacteroids)

78
Q

What normal recreational drink contraindicated with metronidazole’s?

A

Alcohol

79
Q

What type of reaction Metronidazole causes if taken with alcohol?

A

Disulfram-like reaction

80
Q

what may be an after effect of taking Metronidazole?

A

Vaginal Candidiasis requiring anti fungal tx

81
Q

Whats the activity spectrum of Tinidazole?

A

anaerobes

82
Q

what may be an after effect of taking Tinidazole?

A

can induce vaginal candidiasis requiring antifungal tx

83
Q

What Bacteria do Nitrofurantoin?

A

+VRE, +ESBL

84
Q

What Bacteria do Fosfomycin?

A

MSSA, MRSA, +VRE, +ESBL

85
Q

Where (In body) is the highest concentration of Fosfomycin (Post admin)?

A

It have very high Urinary concentration

ID (13 decks)

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