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D4 Flashcards

1
Q

What are representative members of Lipoglycoprotien?

A

Oritavacin, Dalbavancin, Telavancin

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2
Q

What is the cellular target of Lipoglycoprotien?

A

BP-NAG-NAM Monomers

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3
Q

What cell structure if affected by lipoglycoprotien?

A

Cell wall synthesis

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4
Q

what is the cellular target for Lipopeptide?

A

Pospholipids

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5
Q

What are the representative members of Lipopeptide?

A

Daptomycin, Polymyxins, Colistin

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6
Q

What is the cell structure affected by Lipopeptide?

A

Plasma membrane

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7
Q

What are toxicities associated with Lipopeptide?

A

Myopathy, eosinophilic pneumonia, Nephrotoxicity, Neurotoxicity.

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8
Q

What is the representative members of rifamycin?

A

Rifampicin

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9
Q

What is the cellular target of Rifampicin?

A

RNA Polymerase

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10
Q

what is the cellular affect on Rifamycin?

A

RNA synthesis

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11
Q

What is the toxicity related to Rifamycins?

A

Hepatotoxicity = CYP inducer, reddish body secretions

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11
Q

What is the cellular target of Fidaxomycin?

A

RNA Polymerase

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12
Q

What is the toxicity of Fidaxomicin?

A

Not well tolerated (Not absorbed)

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13
Q

What is the cellular affect by Fiaxomicin?

A

RNA synthesis

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14
Q

What are the representative members of Macrolid?

A

Erythromycin, Clarithromycin, Azithromycin

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15
Q

What is the cellular target of Macrolid?

A

50S Ribosome

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15
Q

What is the Macrolid’s cell affect?

A

Protein Synthesis

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16
Q

What is the cellular target of Chloramphenicol?

A

50S ribosome

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16
Q

What are the toxicology associated with Macrolid?

A

QT prolongation, hepatotoxicity = CYP Inhibitors

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17
Q

What are the members of Chloramphenicol?

A

Chloramphenicol

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18
Q

What is the cellular Affect of Chloramphenicol?

A

Protein synthesis

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19
Q

What are some of the toxicologies associated with Chloramphenicol?

A

Bone marrow suppression, gray baby syndrome

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20
Q

What bacteria groups are covered by Daptomycin?

A

MRSA, Step/Pneumo, Enterococcus/VRE

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21
Q

What is brand name for Daptomycin?

A

Cubicin

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22
Q

What are the bacterial groups covered by Polymixin, Colistin?

A

Gram (-) only (PEK, PIDDLY, SPACE)

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23
Q

What is fidaxomycin used for?

A

C.Diff only

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24
Q

What is the brand name for Fidaxomycin?

A

Difficid

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25
Q

What is the brand name of Rifampicin?

A

Rifampin

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26
Q

What is rifamycins used for? (Rifampicin, Rifapentine, Rifabutin)

A

Mycobacteria, Adjunct Abx (biofilms)

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27
Q

What is rifamycins used for? (Rifaximin)

A

GI E.coli only (Travelers diarrhea)

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28
Q

What is a warning about chloramphenicol

A

Its toxic and only should be used for last resort meningitis

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29
Q

What bacteria are treated by Chloramphenicol?

A
  • Last stage Meningitis
  • MRSA
  • Strep
  • PEK
  • PIDDLY
  • SACE
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30
Q

What are macrolids used for?

A

atypicals, M.Cat., H. flu, Chlamydia, Strep/Pneumo (resistance increasing), Infectious diarrhea

31
Q

What is clindamycin used for?

A

Staph/MRSA, Strep/Pneumo, Oral anaerobes

32
Q

(T/F) Lipoglycopeptide is Bactericidal

A

True

33
Q

What is the mechanism of action for Lipoglycopeptide?

A

Interferes with transglycosylation

34
Q

List 3 FDA approved Lipoglycopeptide

A

Dalbavancin,
Oritavancin
Telavancin

35
Q

Lipoglycopeptides are _________ spectrum with ___________ glycopeptides

A

Narrow; Hydrophobic

36
Q

Dalbavancin is good against?

A

MRSA

37
Q

What is the pharmacokinetic facts about Dalbavancin?

A

Long plasma half life allows for once weekly dosing

38
Q

What is a warning against Dalbavancin?

A

Hepatotoxicity

39
Q

Dalbavancin Brand name

A

Dalvance

40
Q

Oritavancin MOA?

A

Inhibits transglycosylation

41
Q

How often is Oritavancin is dosed?

A

Long plasma life allows for a single dose treatment

42
Q

What is a warning against Oritavancin?

A

Osteomyelitis

43
Q

Oritavancin Brand name?

A

Orbactive

44
Q

Toxicities related to Telavancin?

A

Nephrotoxicity due to Cyclodextrin vehicle

45
Q

Telavancin brand name?

A

Vibativ

46
Q

What is the MOA for Daptomycin?

A

Destabilizes plasma membrane integrity causing them to be leaky

47
Q

Is Daptomycin good in lungs? Why

A

It is not used for respiratory infections (Pneumonia) because human lung surfactants bind and inactive daptomycin in lungs

48
Q

Pharmacokinetic fact about Daptomycin?

A

Long half life (Once daily dose)

49
Q

What are some of the toxicities related to daptomycin?

A

Neuropathy, Skeletal Myopathy. Eosinophilic pneumonia

50
Q

Daptomycin brand name?

A

Cubicin

51
Q

What bacteria are treated by Polymyxins?

A

only gram-negative bacteria susceptible

52
Q

What is the MOA of Polymyxins?

A

It is a mixture of lipopeptide that destabilizes plasma membrane integrity causing them to be leaky

53
Q

What are some toxicities for polymyxins?

A

Nephrotoxicity, neurotoxicity

54
Q

Where is Polymyxin B used mainly?

A

OTC product, used for topical wound infections

55
Q

What is Polymyxin indicated for

A

Bladder irrigation, and gut decontamination

56
Q

What all drugs are in Neosporin?

A

Polymyxin B + Bacitracin Zinc + Neomycin

57
Q

Colistin is a sulfate form of what?

A

Polymyxin E

58
Q

What are some of the toxicities of Colistin?

A

Nephrotoxicity and Neurotoxicity (Should only be used as last resort antibiotic for MDR Gram (-) infections

59
Q

Colistin Brands

A

Colistimethate

60
Q

What Type of bacteria are susceptible to Bacitracin?

A

Gram (+)

61
Q

How is Bacitracin used?

A

Topically

62
Q

Bacitracin MOA?

A

Inhibitor of cell wall synthesis. Bacitracin binds to bactoprenol (BP)

63
Q

How do “Inhibitors of Bacterial RNA synthesis” drugs work? (4 steps)

A
  • Chains of RNAs are used to encode peptides and protien via ribosomes in cells
  • RNA polymerase reads the DNA template to synthesize RNA strands by a process called transcription
  • RNA polymerase and ribosomes (organelles that orchestrate protein synthesis = Translation)
  • The most prominent antibacterial agents that inhibit RNA polymerase are the rifamycins that are predominantly used as adjuvant antibiotic in biofilm and mycobacterium infections
64
Q

What is fidaxomycin used for?

A

treats C. Diff associated Diarrhea (CDAD), a bowel infection that arises during prolonged antibiotic use and can be fatal if left untreated

65
Q

Where are C. Diff infections mainly come from?

A

obtained in hospitals and long term treatment facilities by spore ingestion

66
Q

Fidaxomycin MOA

A

Interferes with RNA synthesis by inhibiting bacterial RNA polymerase

67
Q

Fidaxomycin Phamacokinetics

A
  • Like oral vancomycin, not absorbed in GI tract
  • Eliminated by feces
68
Q

Fidaxomyxin Brand

A

Dificid

69
Q

Rifamycins MOA

A

Inhibitor of mycobacteria RNA polymerase

70
Q

How is Rifamycin excreted?

A

Eliminated in feces

71
Q

What are some of the Adverse rx of Rifamycins?

A

Hepatotoxcity (cause Orange-discoloration of urine/tears/sweat)

72
Q

What are some of the drug interactions of Rifamycin?

A

activates CYP enzymes which can reduce the effectiveness of other drugs

73
Q

(T/F) Rifamycin a CYP inducer.

A

True (decreased half life of drug)

74
Q

What are all the oral Rifamycins?

A

Rifampin/Rifampicin, Rifabutin and rifapentin and Rifaximin

75
Q

What is done for Rifamycins to get over its resistance development?

A

It is always used in combination with other antibiotics (adjuvants)

76
Q

What are Oral Rifamycins used for?

A
  • Mycobacterium infections (TB)
  • Infections due to biofilm-forming bacteria (Staphylococcus)
77
Q

(T/F) there are many uses for Rifaximin and do not have many ADRs

A

False however only used for Travelrs diarrhea

78
Q

How do inhibitors of bacterial protein synthesis work?

A
  • RNA synthesized from DNA by RNA polymerase are translated into peptides/proteins by 70S bacterial ribosomes
  • Ribosomes are organelles consisting of 30S and 50S subunits
79
Q
A

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