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MS4 - Renal/Urology > UTI, haemoturia > Flashcards

UTI, haemoturia Flashcards

1
Q

UTI definition

A

symptomatic + positive culture/dipstick

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2
Q

Urethral syndrome

A

symptomatic but no bacteriuria

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3
Q

Classification of UTI

A
  1. Uncomplicated - normal GU tract
  2. Complicated- abnormal GU tract, obstruction, decreased renal function etc..
  3. Recurrent - new organism
  4. Relapse - same organism
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4
Q

Pyelonephritis symptoms

A

Fever

Loin pain

Vomiting

Oliguria

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5
Q

Cystitis symptoms

A

Suprapubic tenderness

Foul smelling urine

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6
Q

Prostatitis symptoms

A

Flu-like symptoms

Low backache

Dysuria

Tender swollen prostate on PR

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7
Q

Sterile pyuria definition

A

Increased white cells in urine but no bacteria

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8
Q

Sterile pyuria causes

A

TB

Treated UTI

Appendicitis

Calculi

Papillary necrosis

Polycystic Kidney

Chemical cystitis (e.g. cyclophosphamide)

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9
Q

UTI risk factors

A

Female

Sex

Pregnancy

Menopause

DM

Abnormal tract: stone, obstruction, catheter,malformation

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10
Q

UTI organisms

A

E. coli

Staphylococcus saprophyticus

Proteus (alkaline urine → struvite renal stones)

Klebsiella

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11
Q

Cystitis treatment

A

Treat for 3-6 days

Trimethoprim or Nitrofurantoin (not in Renal Failure)

Cefalexin (good in Renal Failure)

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12
Q

Pyelonephritis treatment

A

Cefotaxime for 10 days

No response: Augmentin + gentamicin

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13
Q

causes of false haematuria

A
  • Beetroot
  • Rifampicin
  • Porphyria
  • Vaginal bleeding
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14
Q

rare causes of haematuria

A
  • Henoch-Schonlein purpura
  • bleeding diathesis
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15
Q

renal causes of haematuria

A
  • Infarct
  • Trauma: inc. stones
  • Infection
  • Neoplasm
  • GN
  • Polycystic kidneys
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16
Q

ureter causes of haematuria

A
  • stone
  • tumour
17
Q

bladder causes of haematuria

A
  • Infection
  • Stones
  • Tumour
  • Exercise
18
Q

prostate causes of haematuria

A
  • BPH
  • Prostatitis
  • tumour
19
Q

urethra causes of haematuria

A
  • Infection
  • Stones
  • Trauma
  • Tumour
20
Q

Haematuria at the beginning of micturition

A

urethral

21
Q

Haematuria at the throughout micturition

A

Renal/systematic

22
Q

Haematuria at the end of micturition

A

stone

schistosomiasis

23
Q

causes of asymptomatic haematuria

A
  1. IgA Nephropathy/Berger’s disease
  2. Thin Basement Membrane Disease
  3. Alport’s syndrome
24
Q

prognosis of IgA nephropathy/Berger’s disease

A

20% End stage renal disease after 20yrs

25
Q

Genetics of thin basement membrane disease

A

Autosomal dominant

26
Q

Presentantation of thin basement membrane disease

A

asymptomatic haematuria

27
Q

Genetics of Alport’s syndrome

A

85% X-linked inheritance

28
Q

Presentation of alports

A

Haematuria, proteinuria → progressive renal failure

  • Sensorineural deafness
  • Lens dislocation and cataracts
  • Retinal “flecks”
  • Females: haematuria only

MS4 - Renal/Urology (17 decks)

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