Diuretics

Question 1

Loop diuretics eg

Answer 1

Furosemide

Bumetanide

Question 2

Mech of action of loop diuretics

Answer 2

Blocks Na/K/2Cl

Question 3

Loop diuretics act on which part of nephrons

Answer 3

Thick ascending limb of loop of Henle

Question 4

Effect of loop diuretics

Answer 4

Loss of water and salt

Loss of Ca, K, H

Question 5

Timing of action of loop diuretics

Answer 5

Quick, act within 1 hour

Question 6

Use of loop diuretics

Answer 6

Pulmonary oedema

Heart failure

Ascites

Question 7

Thiazide diuretics eg

Answer 7

bendroflumethiazide

indapamide

metolazone

Question 8

Mech of action of thiazides

Answer 8

inhibits Na Cl transporter

Question 9

Thiazides act on which part of nephrons

Answer 9

distal convoluted tubule

Question 10

Effect of thiazide diuretics

Answer 10

Excretion of : NaCl, K, Mg

Increased absorption of: Ca, uric acid

Question 11

Timing of action of thiazide diuretics

Answer 11

Begins 1-2 hours after

Lasts 12-24 hrs

Question 12

Use of thiazides

Answer 12

Lowering BP

Long term heart failure

Reduce urine Ca -> for idiopathic hypercalciuric stones

Question 13

CI to thiazides

Answer 13

gout (raises serum uric acid)

Question 14

Potassium sparing diuretics eg

Answer 14

Spironolactone, eplerenone

Amiloride, triamterene

Question 15

Mech of action of spironolactone/eplerenone

Answer 15

aldosterone antagonist

Excretion of Na

Question 16

Mech of action of amiloride/triamterene

Answer 16

Blocks Na channels in collecting tubule

Question 17

Timing of action of spironolactone

Answer 17

Takes days to reach full effect

Question 18

Timing of action of amiloride

Answer 18

Fast onset

Lasts 12-16 hrs

Question 19

Effects of K sparing diuretics

Answer 19

Na excretion

K/H reabsorption

Question 20

SEs of spironolactone

Answer 20

gynaecomastia

GI upset

Question 21

Osmotic diuretics eg

Answer 21

Mannitol

Question 22

Mech of action of osmotic diuretics

Answer 22

Easily filtered through glomeruli, but poorly reabsorbed

Question 23

Uses of Mannitol

Answer 23

Reducing intra-ocular/cranial pressure

Haemolysis

Rhabdomyolysis

Question 24

SEs of Mannitol

Answer 24

Raised Na

Headache

Nausea

Question 25

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors eg

Answer 25

acetazolamide

Question 26

Mech of action of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

Answer 26

increased excretion of HCO3

Question 27

Where on the nephrons carbonic anhydrase inhibitors act

Answer 27

proximal tubule

Question 28

Effect of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

Answer 28

Excretion of HCO3, Na, K, H2O

Question 29

Uses of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

Answer 29

Not commonly used as diuretics

Glaucoma

Climber use to help with acclimitization (Diamox)

Question 30

Summary of where all diuretics act

Answer 30