Diuretics Flashcards by K D

Q

Loop diuretics eg

A

Furosemide

Bumetanide

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Q

Mech of action of loop diuretics

A

Blocks Na/K/2Cl

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Q

Loop diuretics act on which part of nephrons

A

Thick ascending limb of loop of Henle

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Q

Effect of loop diuretics

A

Loss of water and salt

Loss of Ca, K, H

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Q

Timing of action of loop diuretics

A

Quick, act within 1 hour

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Q

Use of loop diuretics

A

Pulmonary oedema

Heart failure

Ascites

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Q

Thiazide diuretics eg

A

bendroflumethiazide

indapamide

metolazone

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Q

Mech of action of thiazides

A

inhibits Na Cl transporter

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Q

Thiazides act on which part of nephrons

A

distal convoluted tubule

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Q

Effect of thiazide diuretics

A

Excretion of : NaCl, K, Mg

Increased absorption of: Ca, uric acid

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Q

Timing of action of thiazide diuretics

A

Begins 1-2 hours after

Lasts 12-24 hrs

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Q

Use of thiazides

A

Lowering BP

Long term heart failure

Reduce urine Ca -> for idiopathic hypercalciuric stones

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Q

CI to thiazides

A

gout (raises serum uric acid)

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Q

Potassium sparing diuretics eg

A

Spironolactone, eplerenone

Amiloride, triamterene

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Q

Mech of action of spironolactone/eplerenone

A

aldosterone antagonist

Excretion of Na

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Q

Mech of action of amiloride/triamterene

A

Blocks Na channels in collecting tubule

Q

Timing of action of spironolactone

A

Takes days to reach full effect

Q

Timing of action of amiloride

A

Fast onset

Lasts 12-16 hrs

Q

Effects of K sparing diuretics

A

Na excretion

K/H reabsorption

Q

SEs of spironolactone

A

gynaecomastia

GI upset

Q

Osmotic diuretics eg

A

Mannitol

Q

Mech of action of osmotic diuretics

A

Easily filtered through glomeruli, but poorly reabsorbed

Q

Uses of Mannitol

A

Reducing intra-ocular/cranial pressure

Haemolysis

Rhabdomyolysis

Q

SEs of Mannitol

A

Raised Na

Headache

Nausea

Q

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors eg

A

acetazolamide

Q

Mech of action of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

A

increased excretion of HCO3

Q

Where on the nephrons carbonic anhydrase inhibitors act

A

proximal tubule

Q

Effect of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

A

Excretion of HCO3, Na, K, H2O

Q

Uses of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

A

Not commonly used as diuretics

Glaucoma

Climber use to help with acclimitization (Diamox)

Q

Summary of where all diuretics act

A