Bladder tumours Flashcards by K D

Q

Risk factors for bladder tumours

A

M

Smoking

Amine exposure (rubber industry)

Previous renal TCC

Schistosomiasis (SCC)

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Q

Presentation of bladder tumours

A

Painless haematuria

Voiding/storage sx

Recurrent UTIs

Retention/Obstructive renal failure

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Q

Examination findings for bladder tumours

A

Anaemia

Palpable bladder mass

Palpable liver

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Q

Types of bladder tumour

A

Transitional cell carcinoma

Squamous cell carcinoma - usually only with schistosomiasis

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Q

Metastasis sites of bladder cancers

A

Bone

Liver

Lung

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Q

Bladder cancer grading

A

Grade 1: well differentiated

Grade 2: intermediate

Grade 3: poorly differentiated

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Q

Bladder cancer staging Tis

A

Carcinoma in situ

Not felt at EUA

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Q

Bladder cancer staging Ta

A

Confined to epithelium

Not felt at EUA

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Q

Bladder cancer staging T1

A

Tumour in lamina propria

Not felt at EUA

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Q

Bladder cancer staging T2

A

Superficial muscle involved

Rubbery thickness

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Q

Bladder cancer staging T3

A

Deep muscle involved

Mobile mass

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Q

Bladder cancer staging T4

A

Invasion of prostate, uterus or vag

Fixed mass

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Q

Ix for bladder cancers

A

Urine dip - sterile pyuria

Urine cytology

IVU filling defects

Cystoscopy with biopsy

Bimanual EUA

CT/MRI

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Q

EUA

A

Examination under anaesthesia

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Q

Mx of Tis, Ta and T1 bladder cancers

A

Transurethral diathermy

TURBT

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Q

TURBT

A

Transurethral resection of bladder tumour

Q

Mx of T2 and T3 bladder cancers

A

Radical cystectomy with ileal conduit

Adjuvant chemo - eg. M-VAC

Q

Mx of T4 bladder cancers

A

Palliative chemo / radiotherapy

Long term catheterisation

Q

Complications of bladder cancers

A

Massive bladder haemorrhage

Cystectomy can cause sexual and urinary malfunction