Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Therapeutics IV > UTI - Block 2 > Flashcards

UTI - Block 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the dosage forms of Nitrofurantoin?

A

Macrocrystals: Macrodantin
Monohydrate: MicroBid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

ADRs of Nitrofurantoin?

A

Urine discoloration, N/V, pulmonary fibrosis, eosinophilia

CI: CrCl <30

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

ADRs of Bactrim? CI?

A
  1. Drug-induced thrombocytopenia
  2. Hyperkalemia

CI: Dofetilide, warfarin, sulf allergy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

BBW of FQs?

A
  1. Tendon rupture, peripheral neuropathy, CNS effects
  2. Muscle weakness
  3. QT prolongation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the most common pathogens that cause UTIs?

A

Klebsiella
E. coli
Entercoccus
Proteus
Staph. saprophyticus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Antibotic resistant organisms that may cause UTIs?

A
  1. VRE
  2. ESBL producing E. coli
  3. AmpC and carbapenemase production of E coli
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Infection of the bladder?

A

Cystitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Infection of the kidneys?

A

Pyelonephritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Presence of microbes in the urinary tract?

A

Bacteriuria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Bacteriuria w/o sx of infection

A

Asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB): ≥10^5 CFU/mL w/o sx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Acute infection of the prostate

A

Prostatitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Inflammation, swelling and irritation of the urethra

A

Urethritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Sign of infection, positive leukocyte esterase?

A

Pyuria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Pain and burning upon urination?

A

Dysuria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Organelles of adhesion allowing bacteria to colonize environmental surfaces or cells and resist flushing?

A

Bacterial fimbriae/pili

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Urine is forced up ureters into kidneys

A

Vesicoureteral reflux

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the host defense mechanism used to prevent UTIs?

A
  1. Length of urethat tract (males have longer)
  2. Low urinary pH
  3. High urea concentration
  4. Prostatic secretion
  5. Voiding expels bacteria that colonize in the urethra
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the difference between upper and lower UTI?

A

Upper: Pyelonephritis infects the kidneys
Lower: Cystitis doesn’t involve the kidney (e.g. urethra, bladder)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the characterisitcs for uncomplicated UTI?

A
  1. Acute, sporadic, recurrent infection
  2. Premenopausal femals
  3. No anatomical/functional abnormalities
  4. Normal, healthy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is considered a complicated UTI?

A
  1. Men
  2. Pregnancy
  3. Obstrution of urinary tract
  4. Foreign body
  5. Incomplete voiding
  6. Diabetes
  7. Vesicoureteral refulx
  8. Immunosupression
  9. Hx of instrumentation
  10. Health care associated infection
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the RF of UTIs?

A
  1. Females
  2. Pregancy
  3. Diabetes
  4. Seniors
  5. Dysfunctional lower UT
  6. Urinary incontinence
  7. Obesity
  8. Neurologic conditions
  9. Poor pesonal hygiene
  10. Males with BPH
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Presentations of cystitis?

A
  1. Urinary urgency
  2. Urinary frequency
  3. Dysuria
  4. Nocturia
  5. Suprapubic pain
  6. Hematuria
23
Q

Presentations of pyelonephritis?

A
  1. Fever
  2. Flank pain
  3. Chills
  4. N/V
  5. Costovertebral angle tenderness
24
Q

What is the difference between urine analysis and cultrue?

A

Culture: looks for microbes
Analysis: used for uncomplicated cystitis outpatient

25
Q

What are the lab results of UTIs?

A
  1. Urine culture (Gold standard)
  2. Pyuria
  3. Hematuria
  4. Bacteriuria
  5. Leukocyte esterase +
  6. Nitrite + (w/ nitrite reducers)
26
Q

How is uncomplicated cystitis normally diagnosed?

A

Hx and s/s of infection

27
Q

How do we diagnose complicated/recurrent infection?

A

Culture/sensitivity

28
Q

Should urine cultures be used for uncomplicated cystitis?

A

No, but can use urinalysis

29
Q

OTC product used for UTI? Counseling

A

Phenazopyridine HCl (urinary analgesic)
1. Treats the sx not the infection
2. Only used for 1-2 days with ABX
3. Red-orange discoloration that may stain contacts and urine

30
Q

Non-pharm for UTI?

A
  1. Increase fluid intake
  2. Complete voiding
  3. Cranberry products
31
Q

Which of the following organisms is most likely responsible for a UTI in a novel, uncomplicated infection?

32
Q

Who are more susceptible to MDR G- UTI?

A
  1. MDR G- or FQ resistant-PA isolates
  2. Inpatient
  3. Use of FQ, Bactrim, of broad-spec b-lactam
  4. Travel to high prevalence areas
33
Q

UTIs are best treated after categorizing the infection, assign MOA of infection with corresponding ABX?

A

Filtration depends on size and PPB: Sulfonamides, Nitrofurantoin, AG
Actively secreted into urine: b-lactams and FQ

34
Q

What is the first line for acute uncomplicated cystitis?

A
  1. Nitrofurantoin 100 mg BID x 5days
  2. Bactrim DS (avoided IF resistance exceeds 20%) 1 tabl BID for 3 days
  3. Fosfomycin 3 g once
35
Q

Alt tx for acute uncomplicated cystitis?

A
  1. FQ (Cipro and Levo) -> more serious infection and resistant strains -> Don’t use mox or gemi
  2. Augmentin -> Don’t use amoxicillin or ampicillin empirically
36
Q

What is the first line tx for outpatient complicated UTI including mild/moderate pyelonephritis?

A

Cipro and Levo

37
Q

What is tx for outpatient complicated UTI including mild/moderate pyelonephritis is patient has FQ resistance >10% from E. coli?

A

Ceftriaxone, ertapenem, gent/tobra -> followed by FQ

38
Q

What is the tx for outpatient complicated UTI including mild/moderate pyelonephritis in patients with FQ allergy?

A

Cetriaxone, ertapenen, gent/tobra -> followed by Bactrim or Augmentin

39
Q

What is the tx for outpatient complicated UTI including mild/moderate pyelonephritis in patients with MDR?

40
Q

What is the first line tx for inpatient complicated UTI (severe)?

A

Ceftriaxone IV
Alt: Cipro or Levo IV

41
Q

What is the tx for inpatient complicated UTI (severe) in patient with MDR risk??

A
  1. Cefepime (anti-pseudomonal)
  2. Piperacillin/tazobactam (anti-pseudomonal)
  3. Meropenem (if recent ESBL isolate)
  4. Imipenem (if recent ESBL isolate)
42
Q

Tx for UTIs in pregnancy? Alt?

A

First-line: amoxicillin, Augmentin, cephalexin
Alt: Nitrofurantoin and Sulfonamides (avoid in 1st and 3rd trimester)

Treatment for 5-7 days

43
Q

ABX avoided in pregnancy?

A
  1. Tetracycline
  2. FQ
44
Q

Presentations of UTIs in elderly?

A
  1. Altered mental status
  2. Change in eating habits
  3. GI sx
45
Q

Modifiable RF for UTI in catherized patients?

A
  1. Method and duration of catheterization
  2. Catheter system
  3. Care of system
  4. Technique of HC personnel inserting the catheter
46
Q

What patient populations do you screen for aysmptomatic bacteriuria?

A
  1. Pregnancy
  2. Patients undergoing urological procedures:
    * Cytoscopy
    * Ureteroscopy
    * Nephroscopy
    * Urethrethroscopy
    * Removal of tissue, tumors, and stones
47
Q

What is the pharm tx for ASB?

A

Non unless pregnant for 5-7 days:
1. Amoxicillin
2. Cephalexin

48
Q

What are the common pathogens associated with prostatitis?

A
  1. Chlamydia trachomatis
  2. Ureaplasma urealyticum
  3. Mycoplasma hominis
49
Q

What is the time cut-off for acute prostatitis?

A

> 3 months

50
Q

What are RF for bacterial prostatitis?

A
  1. Prolonged urinary catheterization
  2. BPH
51
Q

What are the sx of prostatitis?

A
  1. Fever
  2. Malaise
  3. Dysuria
  4. Urinary frequency/hesitancy
  5. Pelvic pain
52
Q

Physical exam of prostatitis?

A

Enlarged prostate and tender to palpitation

53
Q

Tx for actute prostatitis?

A
  1. Bactrim
  2. Cipro
  3. Levo

For 2-4 wks

54
Q

Tx for chronic bacterial prostatitis?

A

FQ (Cipro and Levo) for 4-6 wks

Therapeutics IV (39 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions