Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Therapeutics IV > Endocarditis - Block 2 > Flashcards

Endocarditis - Block 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is endocarditis?

A

Inflammation of the endocardium (membrane the lining of the chambers of the heart)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are causes of endocarditis?

A
  1. Vavular endolial damage and colonization
  2. Platelet and fibrin deposits -> nonbacterial throbotic endocarditis (NBTE) -> pressure gradient across the affected valve
  3. Vegetation -> Bloodstream infection or transient bacteremia -> vegetation breaks off -> embolism

Overall heart valve destruction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

IE is generally caused by _____ bacteria?

A

G+

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the common pathogens of IE?

A
  1. S. aureus
  2. Coagulase - staph
  3. Viridians
  4. HACEK
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Common pathogens seen in native valves?

A

MSSA >MRSA, Strep, and enterococci

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Common pathogens of prosthetic valves?

A

<2 months post op: MRSA>MSSA

>2 months post op: Staph (MSSA>MRSA), strep, enterococci, biofilm of S. aureus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

RF of IE?

A
  1. Prostetic heart valve
  2. Hx of IE
  3. IUD
  4. > 60YO
  5. Males
  6. Poor dental hygiene
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the complications of IE?

A
  1. HF
  2. End organ damge
  3. Neurological damge
  4. Metastatic infection
  5. Local tissue infammation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are clinical presentation IE?

A
  1. Fever
  2. Roth spots
  3. Osler nodes
  4. Murmur
  5. Janeway lesions
  6. Anemia
  7. Nail bed hemorrhage
  8. Emboli
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the complications of emboli?

A

Left sided EC -> renal artery emboli -> flank pain and hematuria -> splenomegaly -> infarction of spleen, brain stroke or meningitis
Right-sided -> pulmonary embolism and abscess

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Wht is splinter hemorrhage?

A

Hemorrhages found on nail beds due to systemic depletion of fibrinogen and platelet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are oosler nodes?

A

Purplish Papules or nodules on the toesdue to embolism, immunologic phenomena or both

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are Janeway lesions?

A

Painless hemorrhagic plaques on palms and soles due to embolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are roth spots?

A

Retinal infarct with central pallor and surrounding hemorrhages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the lab presentations of IE?

A

ECHO -> vegetation
Elevated WBC
Anemia/thrombocytopenia -> decreased fibrin
Increase ESR and CRP
Bacteremia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the diagnostic tools for IE?

A
  1. Blood cultures
  2. ECHO
  3. Duke criteria
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the major Duke criteria?

A
  1. Positive blood culture in the absence of primary focus
    * Staph, strep, enterococcus, HACEK
    * Persistant positive blood cultures
  2. Evidence of endocardial
    * Vegetation +
    * New or worse murmur
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the minor Duke criteria?

A
  1. Heart conditon or IVDU
  2. Fever
  3. Vascular phenomea (Janeway lesions, emboli)
  4. Immunologic phenomena (osler nodes, roth spots)
  5. Postive blood culture that is not major
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are categories of DUke criteria?

A

Definite: 2 major or 1 major+3 minor or 5 minor
Possible: 1 major+1 minor or 3-4 minor
Rejected: Not IE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Non pharm of IE?

A

Surgical repair of valves

21
Q

What is difference betwen acute and subacute?

A

Acute: sudden presentation of S. aureus
Subacute: graudually over weeks-monhs from Strep and preexisting vavular HD

22
Q

Valves affectedd by left and right IE?

A

Left: mitral/aortic
Right: tricuspid/pulmonary

23
Q

Difference between complicated and uncomplicated IE?

A

Com: right sided IE
Un: left-sided, MRSA

24
Q

What are the ideal properties of ABX for IE?

A
  1. High dose
  2. Prolonged activity
  3. Parenteral
  4. Bactericidal
25
Q

When would you use empiric?

A
  1. Confirmed IE and
  2. Acutely ill or in HF

Use narrow when results are available

26
Q

Empiric therapy for native valves?

A

Pathogens: staph, strep, enterococcus, HACEK

Vanc + Ceftriaxone or Gentamicin
Alt: Dapt in place of Vanc

27
Q

Empiric therapy for prosthetic valves?

A

Pathogens: S. aueurs + biofilm, strep, enterococci

Vanc + Gentamicin + Rifampin

28
Q

What is the purpose of using gentamicin in IE tx?

A

Provides G+ synergy coverage

29
Q

Tx for staphy IE with MSSA

A

Native: Nafcillin or Oxacillin x 6b weeks
Prosthetic: Nafcillin or Oxacillin + rifampin for 6 wk + gentamic synergy x 2 wks

Alt: Cefazolin or vanc

30
Q

Tx for staphy IE with MRSA

A

NVE: Vanco mono x 6 wks
PVE: Vanc + rifampin x 6wk + Gentamic for first 2 wks

Alt: Daptomycin x 6wks

31
Q

Tx for Viridans IE with pen-susceptible strains

A

MIC ≤0.12
Native: Penicillin G x 4wk
PVE: Penicillin G or Ceftriaxone + gentamic for 6 weeks

Alt: Vancomicin (4wk for NVE, 6wk for PVE)

32
Q

Tx for Viridans IE with intermediate pen-resistance strains

A

MIC 0.12-0.5
NVE: Penicillin for 4 wks + gentamycin firs 2 wks
PVE: Pen G or ceftriaxone + Gentamicin fro 6 wks

Alt: Vancomycin (4wk for NVE, 6wk for PVE)

33
Q

Tx for Viridans IE with high pen-resistance strains

A

MIC >0.5
NVE: Pen G + gentamicin for 4-6wks
PVE: Pen G or ceftriaxone + Gentamicin fro 6 wks

Alt: Vancomycin (4wk for NVE, 6wk for PVE)

34
Q

Tx for Enterococcus IE with pen and gen susceptible strains

A

E. facialis
NVE: Ampicillin or Pen G + gent for 4-6 wks
PVE: ampicillin + ceftriaxone for 6 wks
Alt: Vanc + gent x 6 wks

35
Q

Tx for Enterococcus IE with pen resistant strains

A

E. faecalis
NVE and PVE: Vanc + gent x 6 wks
Alt: Ampicillin-sulbactam + gent for 6 wks

36
Q

Tx for Enterococcus IE with VRE strains

A

E. faecium
NVE, PVE, Alt: Daptomycin or high-dose linezolid for 6 wks

37
Q

Tx for HACEK IE

A

NVE and PVE: Ceftriaxone or ampicillin for 4 wks
Alt: Ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, ampicillin or ceftriaxone

38
Q

Culture negative with native valve tx?

A

Vancomycin + cefepime
Vancomycin + ampicillin/sulbactam

4-6wks

39
Q

Culture negative with early (<1yr) prosthetic valve tx?

A

Vancomycin + cefipime + gent+ rifampin for 6 wks

40
Q

Culture negative with late (>1yr) prosthetic valve tx?

A

Vancomycin + ceftriaxone for 6 wks

41
Q

Who qualifies for OPAT?

A
  1. hemodynamically stable
  2. Competent of disease state
  3. Has immediate access to medical care
42
Q

What do you monitor for IE tx?

A
  1. Hemodynamics
  2. Blood cultures for bacteremia
  3. TDM
  4. CBC and serum
  5. Drug tox and intolerance
  6. New onset diarrhea -> C diff
43
Q

How often do ou follow up for IE tx?

A
  1. Follow vitals and lab QD till stable
  2. Blood culture Q24-72H till negative
  3. SS weekly
  4. Daptomycin (hold statin) monitor CPK
  • follow up 1-3 months for 6 months
44
Q

Who should get vaccines>

A

NVE: not recommend is successfully treated
PVE: influenza, PPSV23 and 13, Tdap, Zoster

46
Q

Who shold get IE prophylaxis?

A

People with dental problems
Perforation/incision of oral mucosa or gingival tissue

47
Q

PO prophylaxis tx?

A

Amoxicillin 2 g once
Alt: cephalexine 2g once
* Azithromycin or clarithromycin 500 mg once

48
Q

NPO prophylaxis tx?

A

Ampicillin IV once
Ceftriaxone IV once

Therapeutics IV (39 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions