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Therapeutics IV > Intro to Oncology - Block 4 > Flashcards

Intro to Oncology - Block 4 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the the major cancers in males and females?

A
  1. Prostate/Breast
  2. Lung
  3. Colorectal
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2
Q

What is the most common type of cancer?

A

Carcinoma

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3
Q

Location of a carcinoma?

A

Begins in the skin or tissue that lines the inern organs

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4
Q

Where are sarcomas located?

A

Bone, cartilage, fat, muscle, or connective tissue

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5
Q

Location of leukemia?

A

Begins in the blood and bone marrow

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6
Q

What are the characterisitcs of a benign tumor?

A
  1. Slow metastasis and grow rate
  2. Localized and encapsulated
  3. Resemble cells thy developed from
  4. Rarely requires surgery
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7
Q

Characterisitcs of malignant tumors?

A
  1. Metastasize
  2. Not encapsulated
  3. Atypical form
  4. Rapid growth rate
  5. Recurrence is common
  6. Cells lose functional ability
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8
Q

What are the warning signs of cancer?

A

Change in bowel habits
A sore that doesn’t heal
Unusual bleeding or discharge
Thickening or lump in breast or elsewhere
Indigestion or difficulty swallowing
Obvious change in wart or mole
Nagging cough or hoarseness

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9
Q

Cancer diagnosis is based on what factors

A
  1. Obtaining tissue sample (biopsy)
  2. Pathologic assessment of the tissue

Tissue diagnois is essential because not all tumors are cancerous

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10
Q

What is the importance of staging cancers?

A
  1. Provides info on prognosis
  2. Guides tx selection
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11
Q

What are the components of a staginng workup?

A
  1. Physical examination
  2. Biopsy
  3. Imaging tests (CT, PET, MRI, X rays)
  4. Labs (tumor markers)
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12
Q

What is the most common staging for solid tumors

A

T: tumor (T1-4)
N: node (N0-N3)
M: metastases (M0-M1)

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13
Q

What is the difference between stage 1 and 4 cancer?

A

Stage 1: localized
Stage 4: Metastasis

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14
Q

What are the tx goals for cancer tx?

A

Cure
Prolong survival
Palliative care:
* Reduce tumor size
* Slow tumor growth
* Reduce sx

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15
Q

What are cancer tx types? What are their indications?

A
  1. Surgery (localized)
  2. Radiation (localized)
  3. Chemotherapy (systemic)
  4. Biologic therapy (systemic)
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16
Q

Why does cancer tx multi-modal?

A

Cancer can easily spread

17
Q

What are the chemotherapy types?

A
  1. Adjuvant
  2. Neoadjuvant
  3. Primary
  4. Palliative
18
Q

What is adjuvant chemotherapy?

A

Given after primary tx to clean up micrometastatic disease
* Given to patient with possible curable cancer
* To reduce recurrence rates and prolong survival

19
Q

What is neoadjuvant tx?

A

Given before sugerical resection to shink tumors

20
Q

What is palliative tx?

A

Used for sx control to reduce tumor size or slow growth to reduce sx

21
Q

What are the types of monoprimary therpay?

A
  1. Induction
  2. Sonsolidantion
  3. Maintenance
22
Q

What are the complications of hematologic malignancies?

A

Can’t be treated with localized tx (e.g. leukemia, burkitt’s lymphoma)

23
Q

What is the purpose of biologic therapies?

A

Boosts host’s immune system to allow patient’s own body to clear cancer
(e.g. GF, cytokines, enzymes, vaccines, mAb)

24
Q

What is the difference btween cell-cycle specific and nonspecific?

A

CCPS: schedule dependent
CCPNS: dose-dependent

25
Q

What are the factors that constribute to dose intensity and density?

A

Intensity:
* Dose/course
* Interval between courses
* Total cumulative dose

Density: shortening the interval between the doses

26
Q

What are the components of AC/T tx?

A
  1. Doxorubicin (Adriamycin)
  2. Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan)
  3. Paclitaxel (Taxol)
27
Q

What are the components of dose dense AC/T?

A
  1. Doxorubicin (Adriamycin)
  2. Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan)
  3. Paclitaxel (Taxol) with Fligrastim (Neupogen)/Pegfilgrastim (Neulasta) support
28
Q

What is cure?

A

Free of dx for 5 yrs with the exception of breast and melanoma

29
Q

What is complete response?

A

Complete disappearance of all target lesions

30
Q

What is partial response?

A

Reduction of ≥3% in total tumor size

31
Q

What is progression?

A

20% increase in tumor size or evidence of new lesions while receiving tx

32
Q

What is stable dx?

A

Tumor decrease by <30% or grows by <20%

33
Q

What is a clinical benefit rsponse?

A

No objective response, but does have a response (improvement in pain, function, and breathing)

34
Q

Tx response is measured by what factors?

A
  1. Elimination of abnorm cells
  2. Return of tumor markers to normal levels
  3. Improved function of affected organs
35
Q

What are the stages of ECOG status?

A

0: fully active
1: Restricted in physically strenuous activity
2: Ambulatory and capable of self care but unable to carry out work activities
3: Limited selfcare, confined to bed or care 50% of waking hrs
4: Completely disabled, bedridden
5: Dead

Therapeutics IV (39 decks)

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