Sepsis - Block 2 Flashcards
What is sepsis?
Life-threatening organ dysfunction by a dysregulated host response to infection
What is sepsis-induced hypotentions?
SBP: 90
MAP: <70
How does septic shock diffeer from septic hypotension?
MAP <65 requiring vasopressor, elevated lactate >2 post adequate fluid resuscitation (30mL/kg of crystalloids)
What are the presentations of septic tissue hypoperfusion?
- Hypotension
- Elevated lactate
- Oliguria
What type of shock is septic?
Vasodilatory/distributive
What mediators are released due to septic shock?
Pro-inflammatory: TNF, IL1,6, 12
Anti-inflammatory: IL-ra, 4, 10
Describe the components the sepsis cascade?
Proinflammatory -> inflamed tissue -> endothelial cells allow granulocytes and plasma entering inflamed tissue leading to:
* Arterioles become less responsive VC to VD -> hypotension -> shock
* Multi-organ damage
TNF and pro-inflammatory facotrs promote pro-coag and antifibrinolytic -> DIC
Complications of sepsis?
- DIC
- Shock (hemodynamic effects)
- Multi-organ failure (AKI, ARDS-increased capillary permeability and alveolar epithelial cell injury -> edema and alveolar collapse)
RF of sepsis?
Young and advanced age
Pre-existing conditions:
1. HF
2. Diabetes
3. COPD
4. Cirrhosis
5. Alcohol dependence
6. ESRD
7. Immunocompromised
Pathogens associated with sepsis?
- E. coli
- Staph aureus
- Staph epidermis
- Enterococcus
- Candida albicans
What are factors that can determine the recovery time from sepsis?
- IA infection secondary to ischemic bowel
- Increased mortality rate:
* Advance age
* AKI (CKD3)
* Cadidemia
* Serum lactate >4 for >24hrs
* Increased failing organs
Vitals associated with sepsis?
- > 100.4 or <96.8
- Tachycardia >90
- Hypotension: <90/70
- Tachypnea: >22
inflammatory variables associated with sepsis?
Leukocytosis: WBC >10
Leukopenia: WBC <4
Procalcitonin: >0.5
Coagulation labs associated with sepsis?
INR >1.5
Aptt >60s
Thyrombocytopenia <100,000
Tissue perfusion labs associated with sepsis?
Lactate >1
Capillary refill decrease
Presentations of kidney dysfunction due to sepsis?
AKI: Creatine increase >0.3 mg/dL or 1.5-1.9 x from the baseline; acute oliguria (urine output < 0.5 ml/kg/hour and > 2hours despite adequate fluid resuscitation)
Presentations of liver dysfunction due to sepsis?
Bilirubin >2
AST and ALT elevated
Presentations of lung dysfunction due to sepsis?
Arterial hypoxemia
Presentations of CNS dysfunction due to sepsis?
AMS Glasgow coma scale (6-15)
Describe the Glasgow coma scale score?
Best: 15
Severe: ≤8
Deep coma: 3
What is the screening tool used for sepsis using labs and organ functionality?
SOFA score
What are the components of qSOFA?
- AMS <15
- RR >22
- SBP <100
Sepsis -> ≥2