UTI Flashcards
Name 3 major defences of the urinary tract to pathophysiology
Emptying of bladder during micturation, vesico-ureteral valves, immunological factors, mucosal barriers and urine acidity
What is a bladder infection called?
Cystitis
What is a kidney infection called?
Pyelonephritis
Name 3 risk factors for a UTI
Obstructive causes, neurological condition affecting bladder emptying, pregnancy, abnormal renal tract, impaired host defence
What is the most common bacterial cause of a UTI?
Escherichia coli
Name 3 signs and symptoms of cystitis
Dysuria, cloudy urine,urgency, suprapubic tenderness, haematuria and pyrexia (mild)
Define an uncomplicated UTI
Infection by a usual organism in a patient with a normal urinary tract and normal urinary function
Define a complicated UTI
1 or more factors that predispose to persistent infection, recurrent infection or failure of treatment
How can a specimen of urine be collected?
Mid-stream urine, clean catch in children, collection bag, catheter sample, supra-pubic aspiration
What is a urine dipstick testing for?
Leukocyte esterase, nitrates, blood, pH and protein
What is the role of culture?
Investigate “complicated” infections, also helps find less smaller concentrations of bacteria
Name 3 causes of sterile pyuria?
Prior antibiotics, urethritis, vaginal infection, TB
What circumstances is an asymptomatic bacteriuria screened for and treated?
Pregnancy
How long are antibiotics given for an uncomplicated vs complicated UTI?
uncomplicated = 3 days complicated = 5-7 days
What treatment is given for simple cystitis?
nitrofurantoin or trimethoprim
