Anatomy Flashcards
Which vertebrae is level with the hilum of the kidney?
L1
Which boney structure is at the level where the ureter kinks to enter the bladder?
Ischial spine
What is the average size of a kidney?
6-7cm wide, 9-14cm height, 170-210g weight
Where do the kidneys sit in the abdomen?
Retroperitoneal space
Which vertebrae line up with the kidneys?
upper pole T12, lower pole L3 ( Right sits slightly lower due to liver)
Where is the pararenal fat?
Outside the renal fascia
Where is the perirenal fat?
surrounding the kidney inside the renal fascia
How long is the ureter?
25-30cm
What are the 3 main segments of the ureter?
Abdominal, pelvic, intramural
Where is the most common area for ureteric injury?
Pelvic brim
How long is the intramural part of the ureter?
1.2-2.5cm
What is the lumen of the ureter coated with?
Urothelium (lines bladder and pelvis of kidney as well)
Name the smooth muscle in the wall of the bladder
Detrusor muscle
Can you palpate an empty bladder?
No
Which 3 points form the trigone?
2 internal ureteric orifices, internal urethral meatus
What is the external urogenital diaphragm responsible for?
Continence
What happens to the internal urinary sphincter during ejaculation?
Sympathetic innervation causes it to contract
What is the path of urine from the medulla of the kidney?
Minor calyx, major calyx, renal pelvis, ureter
What are the two main types of nephron?
Cortical, small 90% & Juxtamedullary, big 10%
Why are the kidneys vulnerable to ischaemic damage?
They take 22% of cardiac output, require a large blood supply
Which kidney is preferable for transplant?
Left due to long connecting vessels ( left renal vein lies over aorta)
What are the divisions for the renal artery?
Renal artery, segmental artery, Interlobar artery, arcuate artery, Interlobular (in cortex), Glomerular arteriole (afferent)
