UTI Flashcards

1
Q

types of UTI

A

acute pyelonephritis
chronic
cystitis
urethritis
prostatitis
epididymo-orchitis

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2
Q

risk factors

A

immunosuppression
steroids
malnutrition
diabetes
sexual intercourse
female sex
stasis
obstruction

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3
Q

causative organisms

A

E coli
klebsiella
enterococcus
proteus
TB
schistosomiasis

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4
Q

clinical features children

A

diarrhoea
excessive crying
failure to thrive
fever
nausea

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5
Q

clinical features adults

A

flank pain
strangury
dysuria
cloudy urine
urgency
chills
confusion in elderly
pyrexia
dehydration

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6
Q

investigations

A

mid stream urine sample
urinalysis- blood, leukocytes, protein, nitrites
if no leukocytes or nitrites UTI unlikely, if only leukocytes no nitrites dont treat as UTI yet
microscopy and gram stain
bacteruria > 10^5 CFU/ml
sensitivity to antibiotics

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7
Q

treatment

A

fluids
trimethoprim
cephalosporin
amoxicillin
IV if severe

3 days of antibiotics for a simple lower urinary tract infection in women
5-10 days of antibiotics for women that are immunosuppressed, have abnormal anatomy or impaired kidney function
7 days of antibiotics for men, pregnant women or catheter related UTIs

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8
Q

what shall you rule out in children

A

vesicoureteric reflux

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9
Q

pyelonephritis symptoms

A

Fever is a more prominent feature than lower urinary tract infections.
Loin, suprapubic or back pain. This may be bilateral or unilateral.
Looking and feeling generally unwell
Vomiting
Loss of appetite
Haematuria
Renal angle tenderness on examination

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10
Q

pylonephritis treatment

A

Referral to hospital if there are features of sepsis.

when treating pyelonephritis in the community:
one of
Cefalexin 14 days
Co-amoxiclav 7 days
Trimethoprim
Ciprofloxacin

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11
Q

causes of UTI

A

obstruction- vesicoureteric reflux, benign prostatic hyperplasia, uterine prolapse, tumours and calculi
loss of feeling of bladder
predisposition of infection
pushing bacteria up from below
catherisation

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