CKD

Question 1

stages

Answer 1

G1 = eGFR >90ml/min/1.73m^2 damage
G2 = eGFR 60-89 damage
G3a = eGFR 45-59 impaired
G3b = eGFR 30-44 impaired
G4 = eGFR 15-29 sevre
G5 = eGFR <15 (known as “end-stage renal failure”)

Question 2

what is CKD

Answer 2

GFR of <60 or presence of kidney damage for >= 3 months

Question 3

GFR assessment

Answer 3

creatinine, isotope GFR in patient, GFR estimate equations
check for presence of blood or protein in urine
histology or imaging

Question 4

causes

Answer 4

diabetes
glomerulonephritis
systemic diseases
renovascular diseases
genetic disorders- polycystic kidney

Question 5

tests

Answer 5

U&Es
FBC
urine dipstick
creatinine albumin
renal biopsy
US

Question 6

management

Answer 6

treat underlying cause
slow rate of decline
decrease complications
eg blood pressure management, iron tablets, proteinuria, calcium and vit D etc
renal replacement

Question 7

complications

Answer 7

acidosis
anemia
bone disease
CV risk
oedema
gout
hypertension