uterine and ovary Flashcards
what is adenomyosis
Enlargement of the myometrium d/t the presence of endometrial glands in this layer of the uterus
What are structural causes of abnormal uterine bleeding
Polyps
adenomyosis
leiomyoma
malignancy
What are uterine polyps
m/c in women >40, women with obesity, HTN and can become cancerous
What is another name of Leiomyoma
uterine fibroids
non-cancerous and develops between 18-50
What are non-structural causes of uterine bleeding
Coagulopathy
ovulatory dysfunction
endometrial
iatrogenic
not otherwise classified
What is the pneumonic for abnormal uterine bleeding
PALM
COIEN
What is an anovulatory cycle
no ovulation = no corpus luteum = no progesterone = potential abnormal bleeding
Why, at the time of puberty, to girls typically have anovulatory cycles
Not enough LH stimulation
What is endometrial hyperplasia
overgrowth of endometrial tissue
*more common in older / obese patients
If a patient has post menopausal bleeding, what do they likely have
cancer
What type of tissue is found in fibroids
Arising from smooth muscle and fibroblasts
What causes PID
Ascending infection from the vagina and cervix
What may be included with PID
Salpingitis
endometrosis
myometriosis
oophoritis
tubo-ovarian abscess
Do you have to be sexually active with PID
yes
What is PID most commonly associated with
gonorrhea
chlamydia
What cells does chlamydia have an affinity for
Columnar epithelial cells of mucuos membrane
What common infections are associated with chlamydia
conjunctivitis
cervicitis
pneumonia
What is non-gonococcal urethritis
Infection of the urethra which presents with dysuria and mucoid discharge
What type of media is needed for chlamydia screening
living media
What is the job of the protein porins on gonorrhea
outer membrane proteins that help to invade epithelial cells
What proteins help gonorrhea with adherence and invasions
Opa proteins
What systemic infection can gonorrhea lead to
septic arthritis
What is endometritis
Inflammation of the uterine lining
What is endometritis associated with
PID
What cause salpingitis
PID
What is a tubo-ovarian abscess
inflammatory, infectious pathology with collection of purulent fluid within the fallopian tube and ovary
How does a tubo- ovarian abscess present
acute pelvic/abdominal pain
fever/chills
discharge
adnexal mass
What is oligoanovulation
incomplete ovulation
What does increased estrogen cause
endometrial hyperplasia
What does androgen excess cause
metabolic syndrome
What is ovarian torsion associated with
previously enlarged ovary
What does ovarian torsion lead to
venous congestion = increased swelling = arterial obstruction = necrosis & ischemia
When and where is ovarian torsion most common
right side
in pregnancy
How will those with ovarian torsion present
severe, sudden onset of adnexal pain, vomiting
