uterine and ovary

Question 1

what is adenomyosis

Answer 1

Enlargement of the myometrium d/t the presence of endometrial glands in this layer of the uterus

Question 2

What are structural causes of abnormal uterine bleeding

Answer 2

Polyps
adenomyosis
leiomyoma
malignancy

Question 3

What are uterine polyps

Answer 3

m/c in women >40, women with obesity, HTN and can become cancerous

Question 4

What is another name of Leiomyoma

Answer 4

uterine fibroids
non-cancerous and develops between 18-50

Question 5

What are non-structural causes of uterine bleeding

Answer 5

Coagulopathy
ovulatory dysfunction
endometrial
iatrogenic
not otherwise classified

Question 6

What is the pneumonic for abnormal uterine bleeding

Answer 6

PALM
COIEN

Question 7

What is an anovulatory cycle

Answer 7

no ovulation = no corpus luteum = no progesterone = potential abnormal bleeding

Question 8

Why, at the time of puberty, to girls typically have anovulatory cycles

Answer 8

Not enough LH stimulation

Question 9

What is endometrial hyperplasia

Answer 9

overgrowth of endometrial tissue

*more common in older / obese patients

Question 10

If a patient has post menopausal bleeding, what do they likely have

Answer 10

cancer

Question 11

What type of tissue is found in fibroids

Answer 11

Arising from smooth muscle and fibroblasts

Question 12

What causes PID

Answer 12

Ascending infection from the vagina and cervix

Question 13

What may be included with PID

Answer 13

Salpingitis
endometrosis
myometriosis
oophoritis
tubo-ovarian abscess

Question 14

Do you have to be sexually active with PID

Answer 14

yes

Question 15

What is PID most commonly associated with

Answer 15

gonorrhea
chlamydia

Question 16

What cells does chlamydia have an affinity for

Answer 16

Columnar epithelial cells of mucuos membrane

Question 17

What common infections are associated with chlamydia

Answer 17

conjunctivitis
cervicitis
pneumonia

Question 18

What is non-gonococcal urethritis

Answer 18

Infection of the urethra which presents with dysuria and mucoid discharge

Question 19

What type of media is needed for chlamydia screening

Answer 19

living media

Question 20

What is the job of the protein porins on gonorrhea

Answer 20

outer membrane proteins that help to invade epithelial cells

Question 21

What proteins help gonorrhea with adherence and invasions

Answer 21

Opa proteins

Question 22

What systemic infection can gonorrhea lead to

Answer 22

septic arthritis

Question 23

What is endometritis

Answer 23

Inflammation of the uterine lining

Question 24

What is endometritis associated with

Answer 24

PID

Question 25

What cause salpingitis

Answer 25

PID

Question 26

What is a tubo-ovarian abscess

Answer 26

inflammatory, infectious pathology with collection of purulent fluid within the fallopian tube and ovary

Question 27

How does a tubo- ovarian abscess present

Answer 27

acute pelvic/abdominal pain
fever/chills
discharge
adnexal mass

Question 28

What is oligoanovulation

Answer 28

incomplete ovulation

Question 29

What does increased estrogen cause

Answer 29

endometrial hyperplasia

Question 30

What does androgen excess cause

Answer 30

metabolic syndrome

Question 31

What is ovarian torsion associated with

Answer 31

previously enlarged ovary

Question 32

What does ovarian torsion lead to

Answer 32

venous congestion = increased swelling = arterial obstruction = necrosis & ischemia

Question 33

When and where is ovarian torsion most common

Answer 33

right side
in pregnancy

Question 34

How will those with ovarian torsion present

Answer 34

severe, sudden onset of adnexal pain, vomiting