external genitalia

Question 1

Which vertebrae does the uterosacral ligaments attach

Answer 1

Sacral

Question 2

What type of secretions does estrogen produce

Answer 2

watery

Question 3

What type of secretions does progesterone secrete

Answer 3

thick

Question 4

What are the difference in cells between the cervical Os and portio vaginalis

Answer 4

Portio vaginalis is made of squamous epithelium

Os/canal contained glandular cells

Question 5

What do the glandular cells in the cervix secrete

Answer 5

stringy mucus in response to hormonal changes

Question 6

What is leukorrhea

Answer 6

normal monthly vaginal discharge

Question 7

How much vaginal discharge is secreted a day

Answer 7

1-4mL

Question 8

What is the pH of vaginal discharge

Answer 8

4-4.5

Question 9

Where is neoplasia of the cervix most likely

Answer 9

squamocolumnar junction

Question 10

Why is vaginal discharge acidic

Answer 10

lactobacilli in vaginal flora causing conversion of glycogen to lactic acid

Question 11

If estrogen wasn’t present, what would the pH of the vagina be

Answer 11

7

Question 12

What is the purpose of the vagina being acidic

Answer 12

keeps majority of pathologic bacteria colonization down

Question 13

What is the most common bacteria within the vagina

Answer 13

lactobacillus

Question 14

What is vulvovaginitis

Answer 14

inflammatory reaction of the vulva and vagina

Question 15

What are the causes of vulvovaginitis

Answer 15

STI
abx
hormonal imbalance
douching
sexual activity

Question 16

What occurs with vulvovaginitis

Answer 16

inflammation causing erythema, pruritic, burning, dyspareunia

Question 17

What are the causes of infectious vulvovaginitis

Answer 17

candidiasis
bacterial vaginosis
trichomoniasis

Question 18

What is cervicitis commonly associated with

Answer 18

gonorrhea
chlamydia

Question 19

What is the most common cause of non-infectious vulvovaginitis

Answer 19

menopause

Question 20

What are some common causes of non-infectious vulvovaginitis

Answer 20

atrophy (menopause)
topical irritants
systemic disorders (SLE/RA)

Question 21

Where is cervicitis most common

Answer 21

columnar cells

Question 22

What is acute cervicitis most commonly due to

Answer 22

STI
*consider PID

Question 23

What are non infectious sources of cervicitis

Answer 23

inserted FB (tampons, condoms etc)

Question 24

What symptoms do patients have with cervicitis

Answer 24

Spotting
dyspareunia
pruritis
vaginal discharge

Question 25

If someone has a strawberry cervix, what is their likely diagnosis

Answer 25

trichomoniasis

Question 26

If the cervix has ulcerative lesions on it, what is the likely cause

Answer 26

HSV

Question 27

What is the most common STI

Answer 27

anogenital warts associated with HPV

Question 28

What are the most common subtypes of HPV that leads to genital warts

Answer 28

6 and 11

Question 29

What is condylomata acuminata

Answer 29

Genital warts

Question 30

What is the latent period after inoculation for HPV

Answer 30

3wk - 9months

Question 31

When will HPV generally clear

Answer 31

within 1-2 years

Question 32

What subtype of HPV is particularly carcinogenic

Answer 32

16

Question 33

What is the most common cause of cervical cancer

Answer 33

HPV (16 & 18)

Question 34

What is an indicator of cellular changes concerning for early cancer

Answer 34

dysplasia

Question 35

Where is the most common area of infection with cervical dysplasia

Answer 35

squamocolumnar junction

Question 36

Where is the most common area of infection with cervical dysplasia

Answer 36

squamocolumnar junction

Question 37

What is associated with cervical dysplasia

Answer 37

HPV

Question 38

What is condylomata lata

Answer 38

Form of secondary syphilis with painless anogenital warts

Question 39

What is contained within the warts of condylomata lata

Answer 39

Spirochetes making them very infectious

Question 40

What equipment do you need to use to be able to see spirochetes

Answer 40

dark field microscopy

Question 41

What is the sign of primary syphilis

Answer 41

painless chancre

Question 42

What is secondary syphilis and when does it occur

Answer 42

6wks after resolution of primary Widespread rash bacteremia resolves in 6 weeks

Question 43

What nerve dysfunction can lead to pelvic organ prolapse

Answer 43

pudendal

Question 44

What can cause a Bartholin cyst

Answer 44

vulvar edema *Gland becomes blocked

Question 45

What is a small (<3cm) tear drop shaped lump on the cervix called

Answer 45

Endocervical polyp *cause unknown

Question 46

What are the most common causes of anovaginal fistulas

Answer 46

trauma from childbirth *prolonged labor leading to necrosis from pressure on the vaginal wall *3rd or 4th degree tearing

Question 47

How will you diagnose an anovaginal fistula

Answer 47

fecal discharge from the vaginal orifice