Breast pathophys

Question 1

What allows for breast mobility

Answer 1

retromammary space

Question 2

What types of tissue make up the breast

Answer 2

glandular
fibrous
fatty (makes up the bulk)

Question 3

What is the name of the ducts that attach to the lobules of the mammary glands

Answer 3

lactiferous

Question 4

What is the job of lactiferous ducts

Answer 4

carry milk that is produced in the glandular tissue to the nipple

Question 5

What protects the nipple during breast feeding

Answer 5

Sebaceous glands that produce oily secretions

Question 6

Where does the venous drainage from the breast occur

Answer 6

primarily the axillary vein

Question 7

Where does the lymphatic fluid of the breast collect

Answer 7

subareolar lymphatic plexus

Question 8

Where does most the lymphatic fluid of the breast drain

Answer 8

Axillary lymph nodes

Question 9

How does estrogen effect breast development

Answer 9

encourages ductal growth and fat distribution

Question 10

How does progesterone effect breast development

Answer 10

gland growth and develop the functional cells within the acini

Question 11

What are the functional units of the breast

Answer 11

Acini

Question 12

What is responsible for contraction to cause ejection of milk

Answer 12

Myoepithelial cells under the acini cells

Question 13

What is the first sign of puberty for women

Answer 13

breast development

Question 14

How long does it take breasts to fully develop

Answer 14

4 years

Question 16

What hormone stimulates milk production

Answer 16

prolactin

Question 17

What hormone stimulates milk letdown

Answer 17

oxytocin

Question 18

What causes premenstrual breast fullness and discomfort

Answer 18

progesterone causing dilation of the ducts

Question 19

What hormone stimulates milk letdown

Answer 19

oxytocin

Question 20

When does breast growth stop

Answer 20

around age 35

Question 21

Where is milk made and secreted from after birth

Answer 21

alveolar lumen

Question 22

What is the first milk produced after delivery

Answer 22

colostrum

Question 23

What is important about colostrum

Answer 23

Contains immunologic components

Question 24

Where are fibrocystic changes typically felt in the breast

Answer 24

upper/outer breast tissue

Question 25

When are fibrocystic breast changes most common

Answer 25

women of child bearing years

Question 26

How is a fibroadenoma described

Answer 26

firm, mobile, painless and typically 1-3cm in diameter

typically solitary

Question 27

What is a fibroadenoma

Answer 27

overgrowth of epithelial and supporting structural cells

Question 28

What is the main difference between fibroadenomas and fibrocystic changes

Answer 28

Fibroadenomas are not under monthly hormonal influence so it will have slow growth

Question 29

When does mastitis typically occur

Answer 29

m/c in the first 3 months of lactation

Question 30

What is mastitis associated with

Answer 30

decreased milk ejection d/t
infrequent feedings
nipple damage
weaning rapidly
oversupply of milk
blockage of duct
tree/fatigue

Question 31

When should mastitis be worked up for infectious etiology

Answer 31

if it persists 12-24 hours

Question 32

What is a breast abscess

Answer 32

complication of mastitis or cellulitis with formation of a pocket of purulent fluid

Question 33

What is the most common cause of galactorrhea

Answer 33

hyperprolactinemia

Question 34

What causes paraneoplastic syndrome

Answer 34

small cell lung cancer