Breast pathophys Flashcards
What allows for breast mobility
retromammary space
What types of tissue make up the breast
glandular
fibrous
fatty (makes up the bulk)
What is the name of the ducts that attach to the lobules of the mammary glands
lactiferous
What is the job of lactiferous ducts
carry milk that is produced in the glandular tissue to the nipple
What protects the nipple during breast feeding
Sebaceous glands that produce oily secretions
Where does the venous drainage from the breast occur
primarily the axillary vein
Where does the lymphatic fluid of the breast collect
subareolar lymphatic plexus
Where does most the lymphatic fluid of the breast drain
Axillary lymph nodes
How does estrogen effect breast development
encourages ductal growth and fat distribution
How does progesterone effect breast development
gland growth and develop the functional cells within the acini
What are the functional units of the breast
Acini
What is responsible for contraction to cause ejection of milk
Myoepithelial cells under the acini cells
What is the first sign of puberty for women
breast development
How long does it take breasts to fully develop
4 years
What hormone stimulates milk production
prolactin
What hormone stimulates milk letdown
oxytocin
What causes premenstrual breast fullness and discomfort
progesterone causing dilation of the ducts
What hormone stimulates milk letdown
oxytocin
When does breast growth stop
around age 35
Where is milk made and secreted from after birth
alveolar lumen
What is the first milk produced after delivery
colostrum
What is important about colostrum
Contains immunologic components
Where are fibrocystic changes typically felt in the breast
upper/outer breast tissue
When are fibrocystic breast changes most common
women of child bearing years
How is a fibroadenoma described
firm, mobile, painless and typically 1-3cm in diameter
typically solitary
What is a fibroadenoma
overgrowth of epithelial and supporting structural cells
What is the main difference between fibroadenomas and fibrocystic changes
Fibroadenomas are not under monthly hormonal influence so it will have slow growth
When does mastitis typically occur
m/c in the first 3 months of lactation
What is mastitis associated with
decreased milk ejection d/t
infrequent feedings
nipple damage
weaning rapidly
oversupply of milk
blockage of duct
tree/fatigue
When should mastitis be worked up for infectious etiology
if it persists 12-24 hours
What is a breast abscess
complication of mastitis or cellulitis with formation of a pocket of purulent fluid
What is the most common cause of galactorrhea
hyperprolactinemia
What causes paraneoplastic syndrome
small cell lung cancer
