100ft view pregnancy Flashcards
What layer of the endometrium in involved with implantation
stromal cells
How many sperm are released in male ejaculation
500 million
What is included in ejaculation
Prostaglandins
*causes uterine contraction to propel them upward
What is the pH of sperm
7.5
Where is sperm formed
vas defrens
Where does the fluid of the semen come from
seminal vesicles and prostate
How long do sperm live
24-48 hours (at body temperature)
What does the heavy cholesterol coating around the head of the sperm help with
Allows for influx of ca2+ so the flagellum are more motile
What is the coronal radiata
Remaining follicular cells after the release of the ovum from Graafian follicle
*contained carbs for ovum as well as hylauronic acid
What is capacitation
The outer layer of the sperm head is broken down so it can get through the ovum wall
What is the zona pellucid
layer of glycoprotein that prevent multiple sperm from binding
*initiates sperm captation
Where does fertilization generally occur
in the ampuls of the fallopian tube
What is released from the acrosome
hyaluronidase
proteolytic enzymes
What happens once a sperm has entered the ovum
The cell depolarizes so no other sperm are able to enter
What is the deciding gene for sex
SRY on the Y chromosome
*+= male
What is contained within a blastocyst
wall and embryonic pole
What does the pole in the blastocyst become
the embryo
How many days after fertilization does the blastocyst implant
6 days
What occurs to the corpus luteum when an ovum is fertilized
The placenta keeps it active for the first trimester instead of allowing it to degrade
When in a normal cycle does implantation occur
16-22 days
Where is the most common location for implantation
upper/posterior wall
What is trophectoderm
The blastocyst separates into the embryo and the placenta
What does the trophoblast do
cause destruction and rebuilding of the spiral arteries so that blood flow cn be maintained from mom to fetus during development
Which cells are responsible for secreting HCG
Trophoblastic
What do stroll cells secrete for the developing fetus
glycogen
proteins
lipids
When does the placenta develop for function
Day 16
What does the fetus want for energy
glucose
What is the inner layer of the trophoblast
amnion
What is the chorion
the outer layer of trophoblast
When is the hypothalamus/pituitary developed
12th week
When does the fetal heart begin to contract
day 21
How much more O2 does fetal hemoglobin have
20-50% more
Why is there an increase in estrogen at the end of pregnancy
to get ready for labor
Why is progesterone elevated during pregnancy
to help prevent contractions
Breast development
What is the benefit of HCG lab work
to check trending to see if pregnancy is still occurring or not
How much is a normal amount of amniotic fluid
500-1000mL
What fluid makes up majority of amniotic fluid
fetal renal function
How fast does fluid within the amniotic sac get exchanged
every 3 hours
How much does estrogen increase with pregnancy
30x above
What does estrogen help with during fetal development
Increase breast tissue
increase tissue laxity
appropriate uterine enlargement
increase external genitalia
What secretes estrogen during pregnancy
syncytial trophoblastic cells of placenta
What secretes progesterone during pregnancy
corpus luteum and then the placenta later in pregnancy
What happens to moms pituitary during pregnancy
Increases 50% in size
increase ACTH, TRH, Prolactin
Why are glucocorticoids increased during pregnancy
to increase amino acid levels to be used by fetal tissue
Why do women become edematous during pregnancy
increased aldosterone secretion = Na+ reabsorption = fluid retention
Why do the thyroid and parathyroid increase in size during pregnancy
Hcg and placenta causes an increase in thyroid hormone demand
How much does CO increase
30-60% in first trimester
What are the side effects of increased hCG and progesterone
N/V associated with relaxed stomach muscles, decreased GI motility
When can fetal movements typically been felt
20weeks
When does the fetus grow the mouth
the last 2 months
How much does moms blood volume increase in the third trimester
30%
