Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pathology > Utah Med GI Pathology > Flashcards

Utah Med GI Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

Esophageal stricture

A

Narrowing of esophagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Describe a patient with mallory Weiss

A

Lacerations are induced by forceful vomiting and can extend to the submucosa veins that bleed profusely

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Super low BP in an arcoholic that has been vomiting

A

Mallory weiss
Also suspect esophageal varices that could bleed

Hematemesis
Low BP
Maybe eventually stool blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

No rugal fold

A

Gastric carcinoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Early gastric carcinoma

A

H pylori

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Patient cant swallow for six months 58 man ulceration mid esophagus pink polygonal cells with marked hyperchromatism and pleomorphoism. What is it and what is it caused by

A

Squamous cell carcinoma of esophagus

Chronic alcohol abuse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Crohns

A

Slight increase for adenocarcinoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Carcinoid tumor

A

Multiple, small, do not secrete hormones or cause clinical symptoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Finding of carcinoid

A

Small submucosal mas in ileum.
Firm yellow tan cut surface microscopically composed of besets of cells with uniform small round nuclei and cytoplasm with small purple granules
Positive for chromogranin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Where are benign peptic ulcers that may cause blood in stool

A

Antral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Schistosomiasis

A

Hepatic portal fibrosis and portal hypertension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Primary biliary cholangitis

A

Increase serum cholesterol with cholelithiasis

Yellow to green stones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Gall stones hyperparathyroidism

A

Yellow white stones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Hypercholesteremia gall stones

A

Yellow to green stones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Sickle cell and gall bladder

A

Black pigment kidney stones
Africa
Dark colored kidney stones contain bilirubin hyperbilirubinemia is a consequence os hemolysis

Patients sick’s cell chronic hemolysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Hypercalcemia

A

Pancreatitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Salmonella enteriica

A

Self limited diarrhea with cramping

Poultry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Cryptosporidiosis

A

Immunocompromised

Self limited diarrhea in immunocompromised

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Entamoeba histolytica

A

Developing nations

Mimic IBD and ulceration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

V cholera

A

Profuse watery diarrhea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Shigella flexneri

A

Diarrhea with blood

Food and water with fecal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Giardia duodenalis

A

Immunocompetent

In contaminated water in remote places (mountains)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Band like mucosal finding

A

Fibrosis of collagenous colitis in person over 30 mostly women and associated with autoimmune

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

UC

A

Crypt abscess involve rectum first and extend up

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Non caseating granuloma

A

Crohns

Segmented pattern

Anti sacchahromyces cervicisiae antibodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Entamoeba histolytica

A

Like crohns but not so localized

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

UC are at risk for what

A

Sclerosing cholangitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

HNPCC

A 
Age 39
Aggressive 
Polyp
Right ascending colon 
Not a ton of polyps
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What causes HNPCC

A

Abnormal mismatch repair genes and accounts for perhabe 1-3% of all colon cancers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Adenomatous polyposis coli

A

Associated with familial polyposis
Second decade
Hundreds of colonic polyps

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Gardner syndrome

A

Abnormal APC

Hundreds of colonic polyps but unlike familial there are extraintestinal lesions such as osteopathic of bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

UC and adenocarcinoma

A

Nope

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Peutz jeghers syndrome

A

ADhamartomatous polyps of the small bowel and in some cases in the stomach and colon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Hemolysis

A

Increased indirect bilirubin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Primary biliary cholangitis

A

AMA up

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

CF

A

Atrophy pancreatic acinar tissue no biliary tract issue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Pancreatic adenocarcinoma head

A

Extrahepatic biliary obstruction and elevation in DIRET bilirubin and alkalin phoaphstaase

Painless jaundice
No inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Alpha 1 antitrypsin

A

PAS positive hyaline globules i periportal regions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Wilson

A

Cirrhosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Non alcoholic fatty liver

A

Diabetes

And obesity

Heptomegaly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Linitis plastica

A

Signet ring cell pattern of adenocarcinoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Risk factor for adenocarcinoma

A

Autoimmune gastritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Describe linitis plastica of stomach

A

Shrunken with gastric wall thickened to 1 cm with extensive overlying mucosal erosions multiple masses in liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

AIDS

A

Non Hodgkin lymphoma and kaposi sarcoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

NSAIDS

A

Gastritis and gastric ulceration but risk for malignancy is low

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Systemic sclerosis

A

Esophagus fibrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Alcohol and cancer

A

Hepatocellular but not gastric

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Primary biliary cholangitis

A

Rare middle aged women

Autoimmune destruction of bile ducts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

Decreased ceruloplasmin

A

Wilson

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

Increased ferritin

A

Hemochromatosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

Hep b chronic

A

Ten years ago had jaundice

Now tired or four months and inflammation and ballooning of lobules from triads

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

APCC

A

Familial polyposis APC

Late childhood get polyps can give rise to adenocarcinoma in COLON just colon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

HNPCC polyps

A

Fewer and middle age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

What can alpha 1 lead to

A

Chronic hepatotoxicity and cirrhosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

Describe sclerosing cholangitis

A

Onion skin fibrosis with a moderate lymphocytic infiltrate

Some intrahepatic bile ducts obliterated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

Primary biliary cholangitis

A

Loss of small bile ducts but not fibrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

Hepatitis b can cause what

A

Hepatitis and cirrhosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

Wilson disease can cause what

A

Hepatitis and fibrosis not sclerosing cholangitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

What can cause sclerosing cholangitis

A

UC!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

Zollinger ellison

A

Elevated gastrin

Multiple gastric ulceration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

Gastric achlohrydia

A

Atrophic gastritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

Positive urea breath test

A

H pylori

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

Acetaminophen liver

A

Necrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

Esophageal webs

A

Iron defiency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

CREST

A

Progressive systemic sclerosis or intestinal tract LOWER ESOPHAGYE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
66
Q

Focal hepatic obstruction labs

A

Increased alkaline phosphatase and no elevated bilirubin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
67
Q

If only serosa of appendix inflamed

A

Something else led to inflammation likeperitonits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
68
Q

Hyperplastic polyp

A

Small, mucosa is increased in amount but no changes of neoplasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
69
Q

UC polyps

A

Pseudopoylps are result of surrounding mucosal ulceration. They are not true polyp and not neoplasms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
70
Q

Peutz jeghers polyp

A

Hamartomatous polyp of bowel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
71
Q

Inflammatory fibroid polyp

A

Mixed inflammation and collagenization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
72
Q

Adematous polyp

A

Tubular

Narrow stalk in descending colon easily resected

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
73
Q

Pancreatic pseudocyst

A

Complication of chronic pancreatitis in people with alcohol problem
Area of necrosis with a wall composed of granulation tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
74
Q

Gerd

A

Columnar metaplasia in lower esophagus can get from gerd

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
75
Q

Iron deficiency anemia

A

Esophageal webs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
76
Q

Pas positive

A

Whipple disease
Effec tmultpile organs including brain
Tropheryma whipple I foamy macrophages in SI submucosa adjacent to lymph nodes or at extraintestinal sites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
77
Q

Post menopausal woman on estrogen swollen feet dyspnea for 2 months
Chronic arthritis skin pigmented

A

Has hemochromatosis

Start phlebotomy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
78
Q

Acetaminophen

A

Liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
79
Q

HIV AIDS herpes

A

Ulcerlower esophagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
80
Q

Crypt abscesses colon

A

Colonic adenocarcinoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
81
Q

Choldocholithiasis

A

Bile stasis results from blockafae of biliary tract drainage. The source of the calculi is likely the gallbladder. Though most gallstones remain in the gallbladder , some may escape and travel into the common bile duct. The diagnosis made with imaging

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
82
Q

Salmonella typhi

A

Typhoid fever

Mononuclear inflammation and leuplenia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
83
Q

Old person colonic adenocarcinoma

A

Sporadic from increased fat and obesity

Blood stool
Obstruction from encircling mass with superficial ulceration that is 20 cm above the anal verge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
84
Q

Megacolon

A

RET

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
85
Q

Edema enlarged heart pulmonary edema abdominal pain

A

Ischemic enteritis

Ischemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
86
Q

Hemorrhoids

A

Chronic costipation
HIV hepatitis

Aging
IV drug user

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
87
Q

Worst direct issue of opiate usage

A

Hemorrhoids from chronic constipation

HIV hep and bacterial sepsis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
88
Q

Zenker diverticulum

A

Most common diverticulum of esophagus; a pulsing diverticulum developing between inferior pharyngeal constructor and cricopharyngeus msucle. May occur with dysphasia or foul smelling breasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
89
Q

Villous adenoma

A

Solitary, sessile, large tumor of colonic mucosa, although it can occur anywhere through the GI tract; composed of mucinous epithelium covering delicate capsular projections; malignant change occurs frequently; hypersecretion occurs rarealy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
90
Q

Volvulus

A

Twisting of intestine can cause obstruction

Vascular compromised

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
91
Q

Virchow node

A

Fir supraclavicular nose on left

For of malignant neoplasm of viscera

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
92
Q

UC

A

Chronic disease of unknown cause characterized by ulceration of the colon and rectum, with rectal bleeding mucosal crypt abscesses, inflammatory pseudopolyps, abdominal pain and diarrhea;
Causes anemia, hypoproteinemia, electrolyte imbalance and is also less frequently complicated by peritonitis, toxic megacolon, or carcinoma of the colon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
93
Q

Tubular adenoma

A

Benign neoplasm combed of pithelial tissue resembling a tubular gland
Dysplastic polyp of the colonic mucosa that is considered a potential precursor or adenocarcinoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
94
Q

Transmural inflammation

A

Inflammation spanning the entire thickness of the wall of the GI tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
95
Q

Superficial gastritis

A

Antral predominant non atrophic gastricis

Non atrophic pangastritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
96
Q

Antral predominant non atrophic gastriris

A

H pyloru no atrophy
Inflamed antrum
Normal corpus

Associated with normal acid secretions
No symptoms
Risk of duodenal ulcer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
97
Q

Non atrophic pangastritis

A

H pylori
Inflammation in whole stomach with no difference between antrum and corpus.

Poorly sanitized areas of h pyloric

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
98
Q

Stress ulcer

A

A duodenum in patient with extensive superficial burns, intracranial lesions, or severe bodily injury

Curling ulcer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
99
Q

Steatorrhea

A

Fat poop in pancreatic disease and malabsorption syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
100
Q

Celiac sprue

A

Kids and adults gluten
Chronic inflammation and atrophy of the mucosa of the upper small intestine manifestations include diarrhea, malabsorption , steatorrhea, nutritional and vitamin deficiencies, failure to thrive, or short stature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
101
Q

Tropical sprue

A

Enteric infection and nutritional deficiencies
Folate defiency
Microcytic anemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
102
Q

Signet ring cell

A

Altered basophils cells of the anterior lobe of pituitary that develop following castrations

The body of the cell is occupied by a large vacuole that displaces the nucleus to the periphery, giving the cell a resemblance to a signet ring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
103
Q

Schatzki ring

A

A contraction ring or incomplete mucosal diaphragm int he lower third of the esophagus, which is sometime symptomatic

104
Q

Pseudomyxoma peritoneai

A

Accumulation of large quantities of mucinous material in the peritoneal cavity as a result of malignant cystic neoplasms of the ovary or appendix, it willl frequently persist because of the growth of mucus secreting cells scattered on serosa surfaces

105
Q

Pseudomembranous colitis

A

Enterocolitis with the formation and passage of pseudomembranous material in the stools

Occurs most commonly as a sequel to antibiotic therapy; caused by a necrolytic exotoxins made by c difiile

106
Q

Plumber vision syndrome

A

Iron defiency anemia, dysphagia, esophageal stenosis and atrophic glossitis

107
Q

Peutz jeghers syndrome

A

Generalized hamartomatous multiple polyposis of the intestinal tract, consistently involving the jejunum associated with melanin spots of the lips buccal mucosa and fingers
AD
Mutation in STK11 on 19p

108
Q

Necrotizing enterocolitis

A

Extensive ulceration and necrosis of the ileum and colon in premature infants in the neonatal period

Possibly due to perinatal intestinal ischemia and bacterial invasions

109
Q

Napkin ring lesion

A

Circumferential adenocarcinoma of the rectum, often a cause of rectal stricture

110
Q

Mucocele

A

Retention cyst of the salivary gland, lacrimal sac, paranasal sinuses, appendix, gallbladder, or other site

111
Q

Melena

A

Dark stool

Blood or intestinal juice alteration

112
Q

Mediterranean lymphoma

A

Diffuse lymphoplasmacytic infiltration of the proximal small bowel mucosa and mesenteric lymph nodes resulting in diarrhea, weight loss, abdominal pain and clubbing of fingers and toes; seen in poor people ind enveloping countries

113
Q

Linitis plastica

A

From infiltrating cirrhosis carcinoma extensive thickening of the wall of the stomach

114
Q

Krukenberg tumor

A

Metastatic carcinoma of the ovary, usually bilateral and secondary to a mucous carcinoma of the stomach, which signet ring cells filled with mucus

115
Q

Juvenile polyp

A

Smoothly rounded mucosal hamartoma of the large bowel, which may be multiple and cause rectal bleeding, espicially in the first decade of like; it is not precancerous

116
Q

Ischemic enteritis

A

Inflammation and injury of the intestine result from inadequate blood supply. Although uncommon in the general population, ischemic colitis occurs with grater frequency in the elderly and is the most moon form of bowel ischemia. Causes of the reduced blood flow can include changes in the systemic circulation

117
Q

Inflammatory polyp

A

Projecting mass of granulation tissue, large numbers in UC

May be covered by regenerating epithelium

118
Q

Hyperplastic polyp

A

Small sessile polyp of large bowel showing theming and cystic dilation of mucosal glands also applied to non neoplastic gastric mucosal polyps

119
Q

Hemorrhoids

A

Varicocele of external hemorrhoids veins causing painful swelling at the anus

120
Q

Hematochezia

A

Passage of bloody stools in contradistinction to melena

121
Q

Esophageal varices

A

Longitudinal venous varices at the lower end of the esophagus as a result of portal HTN

122
Q

Enterotoxigenic

A

Cytotoxic specific for the cells of the intestinal mucosa

123
Q

Enterocolitis

A

Inflammation fo the mucous membrane of a greater or lesser extent of both small and large intestines

124
Q

Diverticulum

A

Pouch or sac opening from a tubular or saccular organ

125
Q

D xylophone test

A

See if intestine can absorb glucose

Level in blood and urine low if absorption wrong

126
Q

Cushing ulcer

A

Gastric ulcer produced by elevated intracranial pressure. It is also called con rokitansky Cushing syndrome . Apart from in the stomach, it may also develop in the proximal part of the duodenum and the distal esophagus

127
Q

Chronic inflammatory bowel disease

A

General term for Crohn’s disease and UC, chronic disorders of the small and large intestine, of unknown cause, with conspicuous inflammatory features and distinctive but overlapping signs and symptoms

128
Q

Chronic gastritis

A

H pyloru
Nsaids
Autoimmune
Allergic

129
Q

Carcinoid tumor

A

Small’s slow growing neoplasm composed of islands of rounded oxyphilic or spindle shaped cells of medium size, with moderately small vesicular nuclei and covered by intact mucosa with a yellow cut surface; neoplastic cells are frequently palisades at the periphery of the small groups and the latter have a tendency to infiltrate surrounding tissue. Such neoplasm occur anywhere in the GI most appendix. The pending ones don’t really metasticize but responded incidence of metastasesfrom other sites

130
Q

Carcinoid syndrome

A

A combination of symptoms and lesions mostly produced by the release of serotonin from carcinoid tumors of the GI that have metasticize to the liver; consists of irregular mottled blushing , flat angiomas of the skin, acquired tricuspid and pulmonary stenosis often with regurgitation, occasionally with some minor involvement of calves on the left side f the heart, diarrhea, bronchial spasm, mental aberration and excretion of large quantities of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid

131
Q

Acute appendicitis

A

From bacterial infection which may be precipitated by obstruction of the lumen by a fecalith; variable symptoms often consisting of periumbilical, colicky pain and vomiting may be followed by fever, leukocytosis, persistent pain and signs of peritoneal inflammation in the right lower quadrant of the abdomen ; perforation or abscess formation is frequent complication of delayed surgical intervention

132
Q

Angiodysplasia

A

Degenerative or congenital structural abnormality of the normally distributed vasculature

133
Q

Bacterial esophagitis

A

se of esophagitis in immunocompromised patients with hematologic malignancies complicated by severe granulocytopenia; may also occur after bone marrow transplantation, diabetic ketoacidosis, and in patients with AIDS. Characterized by difficulty swallowing, endoscopic appearance ranging from normal mucosa to ulcers associated with erythema, plaques, pseudomembranes, or hemorrhage; diagnosis confirmed by mucosal biopsy and culture

134
Q

Candida esophagitis

A

infection of the esophageal mucosae by Candida albicans leading to painful and difficult swallowing. White plaques adherent to the mucosa are typically seen; frequently affects immunocompromised patients or those receiving broad-spectrum antibiotics; diagnosed by endoscopic brushing, mucosal biopsy, or both

135
Q

Herpes esophagitis

A

: infection of the esophagus with herpes simplex virus characterized by difficult and painful swallowing. Discrete ulcers of the esophageal mucosa are typically seen; frequently affects immunocompromised patients; diagnosis confirmed by viral inclusions on mucosal biopsy

136
Q

Pill esophagitis

A

mucosal injury by swallowed medicine in solid form that is retained in the esophagus

137
Q

Reflux esophagitis, peptic esophagitis

A

cid gastric contents, usually due to malfunction of the lower esophageal sphincter; symptoms include substernal pain, ‘heartburn,’ and regurgitation of acid juice

138
Q

Hiatal hernia

A

hiatus hernia. hernia of a part of the stomach through the esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm; classified as sliding (esophagogastric junction above the diaphragm) or paraesophageal (esophagogastric junction below the diaphragm). The latter is associated with an intact phrenoesophageal membrane.

139
Q

Mallory weiss

A

upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage resulting from a laceration in the mucosa at the gastroesophageal junction, usually induced by retching or vomiting. SYN: Mallory-Weiss lesion, Mallory-Weiss tear

140
Q

Achlasia

A

Failure to relax; referring especially to visceral openings such as the pylorus, cardia, or any other sphincter muscle. [G. a- priv. + chalasis, a slackening

141
Q

Esophageal varices

A

longitudinal venous varices at the lower end of the esophagus as a result of portal hypertension; they are superficial and liable to ulceration and massive bleeding

142
Q

Pyloric stenosis

A

narrowing of the gastric pylorus, especially by congenital muscular hypertrophy or scarring resulting from a peptic ulcer. SEE ALSO: hypertrophic pyloric stenosis.

143
Q

Diaphragmatic hernia

A

Pr otrusion of abdominal contents into the chest through a weakness in the respiratory diaphragm; a common type is the hiatal hernia

144
Q

Gastric heterotrophs

A

he presence of ectopic gastric mucosa in the gastrointestinal tract, the most common site being the duodenum. As the ectopic tissue produces acid, it can lead to erosion and ulceration

145
Q

AutoImmune gastritis

A

inflammation of the stomach lining caused by the body’s own immune system attacking and destroying the cells of the mucus layer. The body produces antibodies that target the parietal cells of the stomach. It is a rare inherited condition that is more common among people that have another type of autoimmune disease. The inflammation of the stomach lining causes a vitamin B12 deficiency and can lead to pernicious anemia. Autoimmune gastritis is treated with parenteral vitamin B12 and antacids to relieve the discomfort of excess digestive juices. Symptoms of autoimmune gastritis usually begin with upper abdominal pain and cramping. The excess digestive enzymes produced by the stomach can lead to diarrhea. Most people with AG report nausea and a feeling of fullness without eating. The sensation of acid in the esophagus after meals can lead to a lack of appetite and weight loss. The bacteria Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) can aggravate some cases of autoimmune gastritis. This bacterium wears away at the mucus lining of the stomach, causing the majority of the inflammation issues. H. pylori bacteria is spread from person to person, and left untreated can cause chronic gastritis. Gastritis caused by the H. pylori bacteria can be treated with antibiotics and antacids to relieve the pain caused by the production of stomach acid

146
Q

Atrophic gastriris

A

chronic gastritis with atrophy of the mucous membrane and destruction of the peptic glands, sometimes associated with pernicious anemia or gastric carcinoma; also applied to gastric atrophy without inflammatory changes

147
Q

Chronic gastritis

A

Chronic gastritis refers to a wide range of problems of the gastric tissues. The immune system makes proteins and antibodies that fight infections in the body to maintain a homeostatic condition. In some disorders the body targets the stomach as if it were a foreign protein or pathogen; it makes antibodies against, severely damages, and may even destroy the stomach or its lining. In some cases bile, normally used to aid digestion in the small intestine, will enter through the pyloric valve of the stomach if it has been removed during surgery or does not work properly, also leading to gastritis. Gastritis may also be caused by other medical conditions, including HIV/AIDS, Crohn’s disease, certain connective tissue disorders, and liver or kidney failure

148
Q

Stress ulcer

A

an ulcer of the duodenum in a patient with extensive superficial burns, intracranial lesions, or severe bodily injury

149
Q

Duodenal ulcer

A

Ulcer of duodenum; 90% associated with helicobacter pylori

150
Q

Gastric peptic ulcer

A

Ulcer of stomach

151
Q

Hyperplastic gastric polyp

A

benign small sessile polyp of the large bowel showing lengthening and cystic dilation of mucosal glands; also applied to nonneoplastic gastric mucosal polyps. SYN: metaplastic polyp.

152
Q

Fundic gland polyp

A

benign polyp that arises in the gastric fundus, commonly linked to use of proton pump inhibitors or to familial polyposis syndrome

153
Q

Adenomatous polyp

A

polyp that consists of benign neoplastic tissue derived from glandular epithelium. SYN: cellular polyp, polypoid adenoma

154
Q

Gastric adenocarcinoma histology

A

a malignant epithelial tumor, originating from glandular epithelium of the gastric mucosa. Stomach cancers are overwhelmingly adenocarcinomas (90%). Histologically, there are two major types of gastric adenocarcinoma (Lauren classification): intestinal type or diffuse type. Adenocarcinomas tend to aggressively invade the gastric wall, infiltrating the muscularis mucosae, the submucosa, and thence the muscularis propria. Intestinal type adenocarcinoma tumor cells describe irregular tubular structures, harboring pluristratification, multiple lumens, reduced stroma (‘back to back’ aspect). Often, it associates intestinal metaplasia in neighboring mucosa. Depending on glandular architecture, cellular pleomorphism and mucosecretion, adenocarcinoma may present 3 degrees of differentiation: well, moderate and poorly differentiated. Diffuse type adenocarcinoma (mucinous, colloid, linitis plastica, leather-bottle stomach) Tumor cells are discohesive and secrete mucus which is delivered in the interstitium, producing large pools of mucus/colloid (optically ‘empty’ spaces). It is poorly differentiated. If the mucus remains inside the tumor cell, it pushes the nucleus to the periphery: ‘signet-ring c

155
Q

Gastric adenocarcinoma epidemiology

A

nant epithelial tumor, originating from glandular epithelium of the gastric mucosa. Stomach cancers are overwhelmingly adenocarcinomas (90%). Histologically, there are two major types of gastric adenocarcinoma (Lauren classification): intestinal type or diffuse type. Adenocarcinomas tend to aggressively invade the gastric wall, infiltrating the muscularis mucosae, the submucosa, and thence the muscularis propria. Intestinal type adenocarcinoma tumor cells describe irregular tubular structures, harboring pluristratification, multiple lumens, reduced stroma (‘back to back’ aspect). Often, it associates intestinal metaplasia in neighboring mucosa. Depending on glandular architecture, cellular pleomorphism and mucosecretion, adenocarcinoma may present 3 degrees of differentiation: well, moderate and poorly differentiated. Diffuse type adenocarcinoma (mucinous, colloid, linitis plastica, leather-bottle stomach) Tumor cells are discohesive and secrete mucus which is delivered in the interstitium, producing large pools of mucus/colloid (optically ‘empty’ spaces). It is poorly differentiated. If the mucus remains inside the tumor cell, it pushes the nucleus to the periphery: ‘signet-ring cell’.

156
Q

Pathology gastric adenocarcinoma

A

a malignant epithelial tumor, originating from glandular epithelium of the gastric mucosa. Stomach cancers are overwhelmingly adenocarcinomas (90%). Histologically, there are two major types of gastric adenocarcinoma (Lauren classification): intestinal type or diffuse type. Adenocarcinomas tend to aggressively invade the gastric wall, infiltrating the muscularis mucosae, the submucosa, and thence the muscularis propria. Intestinal type adenocarcinoma tumor cells describe irregular tubular structures, harboring pluristratification, multiple lumens, reduced stroma (‘back to back’ aspect). Often, it associates intestinal metaplasia in neighboring mucosa. Depending on glandular architecture, cellular pleomorphism and mucosecretion, adenocarcinoma may present 3 degrees of differentiation: well, moderate and poorly differentiated. Diffuse type adenocarcinoma (mucinous, colloid, linitis plastica, leather-bottle stomach) Tumor cells are discohesive and secrete mucus which is delivered in the interstitium, producing large pools of mucus/colloid (optically ‘empty’ spaces). It is poorly differentiated. If the mucus remains inside the tumor cell, it pushes the nucleus to the periphery: ‘signet-ring

157
Q

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors

A

benign or malignant tumor composed of unclassifiable spindle cells; immunohistochemically distinct from smooth muscle and Schwann cell tumors

158
Q

Celiac sprue

A

a disease occurring in children and adults characterized by sensitivity to gluten, with chronic inflammation and atrophy of the mucosa of the upper small intestine; manifestations include diarrhea, malabsorption, steatorrhea, nutritional and vitamin deficiencies, and failure to thrive, or short stature

159
Q

Tropical sprue

A

sprue occurring in the tropics, often associated with enteric infection and nutritional deficiency, and frequently complicated by folate deficiency with macrocytic anemia. SYN: tropic diarrhea

160
Q

Whipple disease

A

rare condition characterized by steatorrhea, frequently generalized lymphadenopathy, arthritis, fever, and cough; many ‘foamy’ macrophages are found in the jejunal lamina propria; caused by Tropheryma whippleii. May lead to progressive malnutrition, dementia, and if untreated, death

161
Q

Crohns

A

ubacute chronic enteritis, of unknown cause, involving the terminal ileum and less frequently other parts of the gastrointestinal tract; characterized by patchy deep ulcers that may cause fistulae, and by narrowing and thickening of the bowel by fibrosis and lymphocytic infiltration, with noncaseating tuberculoid granulomas that also may be found in regional lymph nodes; symptoms include fever, diarrhea, cramping abdominal pain, and weight loss. SYN: chronic cicatrizing enteritis, regional enteritis, distal ileitis, regional ileitis, terminal ileitis, granulomatous enteritis

162
Q

Necrotizing enterocolitis

A

extensive ulceration and necrosis of the ileum and colon in premature infants in the neonatal period; possibly due to perinatal intestinal ischemia and bacterial invasio

163
Q

Infectious enterocolitis

A

nflammation of the digestive tract, involving enteritis of the small intestine and colitis of the colon caused by various infections with bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites. Common clinical manifestations of enterocolitis are frequent diarrheal defecations, with or without nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, fever, chills, alteration of general condition. General manifestations are given by the dissemination of the infectious agent or its toxins throughout the body, or – most frequently – by significant losses of water and minerals, the consequence of diarrhea and vomiting.

164
Q

Pseudomembranous colitis

A

enterocolitis with the formation and passage of pseudomembranous material in the stools; occurs most commonly as a sequel to antibiotic therapy; caused by a necrolytic exotoxin made by Clostridium difficile

165
Q

Ischemic colitis

A

medical condition in which inflammation and injury of the large intestine result from inadequate blood supply. Although uncommon in the general population, ischemic colitis occurs with greater frequency in the elderly, and is the most common form of bowel ischemia. Causes of the reduced blood flow can include changes in the systemic circulation (e.g. low blood pressure) or local factors such as constriction of blood vessels or a blood clot. In most cases, no specific cause can be identified. Ischemic colitis is usually suspected on the basis of the clinical setting, physical examination, and laboratory test results; the diagnosis can be confirmed via endoscopy or by using sigmoid or endoscopic placement of a visible light spectroscopic catheter. Ischemic colitis can span a wide spectrum of severity; most patients are treated supportively and recover fully, while a minority with very severe ischemia may develop sepsis and become critically ill. Patients with mild to moderate ischemic colitis are usually treated with IV fluids, analgesia, and bowel rest (that is, no food or water by mouth) until the symptoms resolve. Those with severe ischemia who develop complications such as sepsis, intestinal gangrene, or bowel perforation may require more aggressive interventions such as surgery and intensive care. Most patients make a full recovery; occasionally, after severe ischemia, patients may develop long-term complications such as a stricture or chronic colitis.

166
Q

Collagenous colitis

A

Colitis occurring mostly in middle-aged women and characterized by persistent watery diarrhea and a deposit of a band of collagen beneath the basement membrane of colon surface epithelium

167
Q

Lymphocytic colitis

A

a subtype of microscopic colitis, is a rare condition characterized by chronic non-bloody watery diarrhea. The colonoscopy is normal but the mucosal biopsy reveals an accumulation of lymphocytes in the colonic epithelium and connective tissue (lamina propria). Collagenous colitis shares this feature but additionally shows a distinctive thickening of the subepithelial collagen table. The peak incidence of lymphocytic colitis is in persons over age 50; the disease affects women more than men.

168
Q

Angiodysphasia

A

Degenerative or congenital structural abnormality of the normally distributed vasculature

169
Q

HNPCC

A

type I, familial colorectal cancer, generally occurring at an early age; type II, familial colorectal cancer occurring at an early age in conjunction with female genital cancer or cancers at other sites proximal to the bowel

170
Q

Turcot

A

a rare and distinctive form of multiple intestinal polyposis associated with brain tumors; autosomal recessive inheritance, caused by mutation in one of the mismatch repair genes: either MLH1 on chromosome 3p, PMS2 on chromosome 7p, or the adenomatous polyposis coli gene (APC) on 5q

171
Q

Gardener syndrome

A

multiple polyposis predisposing to carcinoma of the colon; also multiple tumors, osteomas of the skull, epidermoid cysts, and fibromas; autosomal dominant inheritance, caused by mutation in the adenomatous polyposis coli gene (APC) on chromosome 5q. This disorder is allelic to familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP

172
Q

FAP

A

polyposis that usually begins in childhood; polyps increase in number, causing symptoms of chronic colitis; pigmented retinal lesions are frequently found; carcinoma of the colon almost invariably develops in untreated cases; autosomal dominant inheritance, caused by mutation in the adenomatous polyposis coli gene (APC) on 5q. In Gardner syndrome, which is allelic to FAP, there are extracolonic changes (desmoid tumors, osteomas, jaw cysts). SYN: adenomatous polyposis coli, familial polyposis coli, multiple intestinal polyposis

173
Q

Peutz jeghers syndrome

A

generalized hamartomatous multiple polyposis of the intestinal tract, consistently involving the jejunum, associated with melanin spots of the lips, buccal mucosa, and fingers; autosomal dominant inheritance, caused by mutation in the serine/threonine kinase gene (STK11) on chromosome 19p. SYN: Jeghers-Peutz syndrome, Peutz syndrome.

174
Q

Carcinoid

A

usually small, slow-growing neoplasm composed of islands of rounded, oxyphilic, or spindle-shaped cells of medium size, with moderately small vesicular nuclei, and covered by intact mucosa with a yellow cut surface; neoplastic cells are frequently palisaded at the periphery of the small groups, and the latter have a tendency to infiltrate surrounding tissue. Such neoplasms occur anywhere in the gastrointestinal tract (and in the lungs and other sites), with approximately 90% in the appendix and the remainder chiefly in the ileum, but also in the stomach, other parts of the small intestine, the colon, and the rectum; those of the appendix and small tumors seldom metastasize, but reported incidences of metastases from other primary sites and from tumors exceeding 2.0 cm in diameter vary from 25-75%; lymph nodes in the abdomen and the liver may be conspicuously involved, but metastases above the diaphragm are rare. About 1% of cases are associated with the carcinoid syndrome, usually after the portal circulation is bypassed as in cases involving liver metastases. SEE ALSO: carcinoid syndrome.

175
Q

Verminous appendicitis

A

appendicitis caused by obstruction or in response to the presence of parasitic worms such as Ascaris lumbricoides, Strongyloides stercoralis, or the pinworm Enterobius vermicularis

176
Q

Suppurative appendicitis

A

acute appendicitis with purulent exudate in the lumen and wall of the appendix

177
Q

Subperitoneal appendicitis

A

appendicitis of a subperitoneally displaced appendix

178
Q

Stercoral appendicitis

A

appendicitis following a lodgment of fecal material in the appendix

179
Q

Relapsing appendicitis

A

Recurrent

180
Q

Recurrent appendicitis

A

Repeated episodes of right lower quadrant abdominal pain attributed to recurrence of inflammation of the appendix in a person who did not have an appendectomy for prior episodes. SYN: relapsing appendicitis

181
Q

Perforating appendicitis s

A

. inflammation of the appendix leading to perforation of the wall of the appendix into the peritoneal cavity, resulting in peritonitis

182
Q

Obstructive appendicitis

A

s. acute appendicitis due to infection of retained secretion behind an obstruction of the lumen by a fecalith or some other cause, including carcinoma of the cecum

183
Q

Lumbar appendicitis

A

Acute appendicitis in a retrodisplaced appendix in the lumbar region

184
Q

Left sided appendicitis

A

. appendicitis occurring on the left side of the abdomen, usually the left lower quadrant, due to abnormal rotation of the g

185
Q

Gangrenous appendicitis

A

acute appendicitis with necrosis of the wall of the appendix, most commonly developing in obstructive appendicitis and frequently causing perforation and acute peritonitis

186
Q

Foreign body appendicitis

A

. appendicitis caused by obstruction of the lumen of the appendix by a foreign substance, such as a particulate foreign body.

187
Q

Focal appendicitis

A

acute appendicitis involving only part of the appendix, sometimes at the site of, or distal to, an obstruction of the lumen

188
Q

Chronic appendicitis

A

fibrous adhesions, scarring, or deformity of the appendix following subsidence of acute appendicitis; fibrous obliteration of the distal lumen is not abnormal in older persons; term frequently used to refer to repeated mild attacks of acute appendicitis.

189
Q

Bilharzial appendicitis

A

appendicitis caused by deposition of the eggs of the blood fluke Schistosoma mansoni in the vermiform appendix.

190
Q

Acute appendicitis

A

m bacterial infection, which may be precipitated by obstruction of the lumen by a fecalith; variable symptoms often consisting of periumbilical, colicky pain and vomiting may be followed by fever, leukocytosis, persistent pain, and signs of peritoneal inflammation in the right lower quadrant of the abdomen; perforation or abscess formation is a frequent complication of delayed surgical intervention.

191
Q

Actinomyocotic appendicitis

A

chronic suppurative appendicitis resulting from infection by Actinomyces israelii.

192
Q

Mucocele of appendix

A

ppendiceal mucocele is a rare but well-recognized entity that can mimic several common clinical syndromes or present as an incidental surgical or radiological finding. It has a 0.2% to 0.4% prevalence among appendectomies. The term mucocele is widely used in diagnosing both benign and malignant lesions, but specific criteria are being proposed for definitive diagnosis and surgical management of appendiceal mucocele. While some neoplasms with malignant potential may be treated definitively by resection, other seemingly benign lesions must be treated conservatively due to complications that ensue from peritoneal and cecal inoculation and the possibility of progression to malignancy. Mucocele can result from mucosal hyperplasia, mucinous cystadenoma, or mucinous cystadenocarcinoma. Signs and symptoms occur in fewer than 50% of cases and are generally associated with malignancy. These include pain in the right lower abdominal quadrant, an abdominal mass, weight loss, nausea, vomiting, change in bowel habits, anemia, and hematochezia. Depending on the location of the appendix, other signs may be observed, such as hematuria. The most dreaded complication of benign or malignant mucocele is pseudomyxoma peritonei, which is difficult to treat surgically or medically. It has an uncertain prognosis, with a 5-year survival rate between 53% and 75%. More than half of appendiceal mucoceles are mucinous cystadenomas, most of which can be treated by appendectomy alone, with careful exploratory laparotomy for mucinous peritoneal adhesions typical of pseudomyxoma. Wide resection of the ap-pendix, however, is currently the standard for conservative surgical management of unspecified appendiceal mucocele.

193
Q

Mucinous neoplasm (cystadenoma/cystadenocarcinoma) of appendix

A

CYSTADENOMA - A histologically benign neoplasm derived from glandular epithelium, in which cystic accumulations of retained secretions are formed; in some instances, considerable portions of the neoplasm, or even the entire mass, may be cystic. SYN: cystoadenoma. CYSTADENOCARCINOMA - A malignant neoplasm derived from glandular epithelium, in which cystic accumulations of retained secretions are formed; the neoplastic cells manifest varying degrees of anaplasia and invasiveness, and local extension and metastases occur; cystadenocarcinomas develop frequently in the ovaries, where pseudomucinous and serous types are recognized

194
Q

Pseudomyxoma peritonei

A

the accumulation of large quantities of mucinous material in the peritoneal cavity, as a result of malignant cystic neoplasms of the ovary or appendix; it will frequently persist because of the growth of mucus-secreting cells scattered on serosal surfaces. SYN: gelatinous ascites.

195
Q

Zollinger

A

the accumulation of large quantities of mucinous material in the peritoneal cavity, as a result of malignant cystic neoplasms of the ovary or appendix; it will frequently persist because of the growth of mucus-secreting cells scattered on serosal surfaces. SYN: gelatinous ascites.

196
Q

Whipple triad

A

a collection of three criteria (also called Whipples criteria) that suggest a patients symptoms result from hypoglycemia that may indicate insulinoma. The triad is stated in various versions, but the essential conditions are: 1 - Symptoms known or likely to be caused by hypoglycemia; 2 - A low plasma glucose measured at the time of the symptoms; 3 - Relief of symptoms when the glucose is raised to n

197
Q

Sweat chloride test

A

a test for cystic fibrosis of the pancreas in which electrolytes are measured in collected sweat; sodium chloride concentration above 50 mEq/L (children) or 60 mEq/L (adults) is positive.

198
Q

Pseudocyst

A

An accumulation of fluid in a cystlike loculus, but without an epithelial or other membranous lining. SYN: adventitious cyst, false cyst. 2. A cyst the wall of which is formed by a host cell and not by a parasite. 3. A mass of 50 or more Toxoplasma bradyzoites, found within a host cell, frequently in the brain; formerly called a pseudocyst, but now considered a true cyst enclosed in its own membrane within the host cell that may rupture to release particles that form new cysts, and apparently is infective to another vertebrate host. SEE ALSO: bradyzoite. [pseudo- + G. kystis, bladder]

199
Q

34 yo man severe right lower quadrant abdominal pain. Go in for appendectomy, but find transmural inflammation of terminal ileum leading to stricture. What have. What at risk for developing.

A

Crohns

Megaloblastic anemia for absorption b12

200
Q

43 year old woman with sudden abdominal pain at night worse when eating great food. Obese. What does she have . Symptoms?

A

Acute cholangitis

Right upper quadrant pain, juaundicr, fever
CHARCOTS TRIAD

201
Q

3 week old with jaundice, hepatomegaly, and increased direct bilirubin

A

Biliary atresia with neonatal cholestasis

Dark urine gray stool

202
Q

Hemochromatosis

Ferritin, serum iron, total iron binding capacity, transferring saturation

A

Increase, increase, decrease, increase

203
Q

32 yo female SOB AST bit up

A

Magenta granules PAS

Alpha 1 antitrypsin

204
Q

Pyloric stenosis chloremia and kalemia

A

Hypo

Metabolis alkalosis

205
Q

50 year old male weight loss loose stools for six months

PAS

A

Whipple

206
Q

41 year old obese female
Pain radiate to right scapula
More after meals
Normal lab values

A

Uncomplicated cholelithiasis

Transient occlusion of cystic duct by a gallstone

207
Q

A feroprotein

A

Liver cancer

208
Q

52 year old woman nausea, vomiting, decreased appetites
Lots of autoimmune diseases

Lots of meds

A

Chronic opiate use caused ileus
Large colon
Hypomotility of GI tract

209
Q

70 yo male chest pain , drank a lot

Very low BP

A

Transmural injury to esophagus

210
Q

CEA tumor marker

A

Monitor for recurrence of colon cancer

211
Q

71 yo female fat in poop

D xylsoe test given to people with abnormal fecal fat abnormal

A

Abnormal absorption

Patients with mucosal disease abnormal D xylose
Pancreatic disase normal test

212
Q

21 yo female abdominal full, diarrhea, flatulent for 3 months after eat milk
Improve with antibiotics

What is the diarrhea mechanism

A

Hyperosmotic intraluminal graduated
Lactose intolerant

  1. Dow Regulation lactase
213
Q

50 yo male two years flushing, diarrhea, abdominal pains Nd weight gain
Murmur, ascites, hepatomegaly, jugular venous
Distension

Where is primary lesion

A

Ileum

Carcinoid tumor neuroendocrine cells oversecrete serotonin

214
Q

42 yo males hyperlipidemia and asthma weakness and lethargy

Very tired
Skin darker, impotence,

A

Increased intestinal absorption of iron

-transfusions

215
Q

65 yo female mid epigastric pain radiate to back
Had hyperparathyroidism
Pulse up
Serum amylase elevated

What disease and what risk factor

A

Pancreatitis secondary to hypercalcemia

Hypertriglyceridemia

216
Q

40 yo caucasion man itchy and tired
Intermittent cramping
Increased alkaline phosphatase and strictures and dilation in biliary tree with bead

What have and what do

A

Sclerosing cholangitis
Colonoscopy

Most have IBD

217
Q

34 yo male MVC has non encapsulated mass with central stellate scar. What is it

A

Focal nodular hyperplasia

218
Q

25 yo female 1 month diarhea and cramps and occult blood

A

UC

219
Q

27 yo female dysphagia of solid and liquor
Fingers color change
Claw fingers
Anticentromere antibody

A

CREST

Absent peristalsis in Lower 2/3 of esophagus

220
Q

Sickle cell has ab pain
Fever
Jaundice
Several nodular radiodensities in gallbladder

A

Chronic hemolysis
Cholelithiasis

Opaque-sickle cell, chronic hemolysis

Radioopaque-pigment-hemolysis, alcoholic cirrhosis, old, biliary infection

221
Q

45 yo man drinks a lot
IV drugs
Has hep c

A

Lack proofreading exonuclease

222
Q 
9 yo boy dysarthria
Moody
Can’t form words 
Right upper quadrant tender 
How is copper normally excreted
A

Into bile

223
Q

43 yo man Rutgers
Blood transfusions -bowel damage and put on parental nutrition
One week later fever and severe ab pain RUQ

What find in exploratory surgery

A

Enlarged gallbladder with thickened wall
Acalculous cholecystisis

Acute inflammatory disease afflicting the gallbladder
“Burn, birth, immunosuppression, major trauma, mechanical ventilation, transfusions, sepsis, total parenteral nutrition:

Get ischemia->gallbladder stasis

224
Q

68 yo male weight loss and greasy stool
Smokes
Icterus and jaundice

Which tumor marker

A

Ca19-9

Head tumor pancreas

225
Q

27 yo caucasion man abdominal pain
Had Hodgkin and got bone marrow transplant
Rash on shoulder
Elevated conjugated bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase
Glandular epithelial cells

A

Donor lymphocytes recognize host cell antigens

Gvhd following bone marrow

226
Q

34 yo man jaundice getting over gastroenteritis no food or water for a few days

Why getting

A

Decreased bilirubin conjugation

227
Q

37 yo man
Weight loss no appetite, fatigue
Jaundice nontender palpable gallblaffer . What is the most significant risk factor with this patients disease

A

Smoking

Pancreatic adenocarcinoma

228
Q

43 yo female cramp RUQ
Pain before but tolerable and resolve
Ate FAT
Severe pain

Why get pain

A

CCK

Tone of sphincter of oddi

229
Q

65 yo male nausea, cramp LLQ, loss of appetites , intermittent , constipation

A

Diverticulitis

230
Q

74 yo woman weight loss
Full after small amounts
Ulcerative lesion in gastric antrum atypical glandular proliferation consistent with intestinal type adenocarcinoma

What increases risk for this

A

H pylori

231
Q

43 yo obese
Symptomatic gallstones
One year later chronic abdominal discomfort and diarrhea after fat foot

A

Post cholecystectomy syndrome

Increased enterohepatic bile circulation

232
Q

29 yo male ab pain in RUQ
Intermittent
Numerous gallstones
They are small and black? What is history

A

Glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase deficits

Cirrhosis and hemolysis

233
Q

7 yo bot
Appetite gone
Lost weight
Hepatoblastoma

What screen family for

A

FAP

234
Q

42 yo female fatigue
Alkaline phosphatase up
Fever chills abdominal pain
Multifocal structuring and dilation

A

Primary sclerosing cholangitis

Night bling

235
Q

64 yo caucasion man GERD
On omeprazole
Glandular metaplasia

Risk factor?

A

Fat

236
Q

22 yo man RUQ pain
Alt ast up
Muscular, mass below costal margin

A

Steroids

Prostatic hyperplasia

237
Q

14 month old male vomit, colicky ab pain, several bowel movements blood and mucus

Sausage mass RLQ
Currant jelly poop

A

Intussusception

Barium or air enema

238
Q

64 yo male dysphagia and halitosis food stuck in throat . Not true diverticulum what is not in it

A

Muscularis proporia

239
Q

Primary sclerosing cholangitis

A

Perinuclear antineutrophic cytoplasmic antibody

Inflammation and fibrosis of the medium large intrahepatic and extrahepatic biliary tree

240
Q

Crohns collitis

A

Diffuse abdominal cramping non bloody diarrhea

WBC and ESR secondary to inflammation and anemia secondary to microscopic blood loss in the GI

241
Q

African American male weight low diarrhea nausea vomiting
Diabetes, smokes, alcohol, jaundice palpable nontender gallbladder

Edema

A

Moderately poorly differentiated glandular formation with abortive tubular structures
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma

242
Q

50 yo caucasion fever three days
Celiac sprue controlled with diet

Jaundice, hepatosplenomegaly , increased transaminase hep b

A

Autoimmune hepatitis which can cause chronic hepatitis b

243
Q

Which intestinal layer is most vulnerable to ischemia from lack of arterial supply

A

Mucosa

244
Q

37 yo schizophrenic comes in after injest bottle of iye

A

Stricture formation

Caustic injury

245
Q

63 yo african American weight loss full dull ache in abdomen, cant localize, nausea, constipation, decrease in appetites, ten pound weight loss
Smokes
Ast alt increase

A

Metastatic cancer

246
Q

GIST

A

C-kit

247
Q

43 yo man abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting no poop
Dilated loops of bowel filled with air
DNA mismatch repair mechanisms

A

HNPCC

Large bowel obstruction cancer in right colon

248
Q

67 yo Japanese no GERD, dysphagia and solid and liquid are hurting over past month. Smokes pack a day

A

Squamous cell carcinoma of esophagus

249
Q

40 yo woman long history epigastric pain, diarrhea vomiting, PUD, multiple treat for H pylori she in on PPI
Now has zollinger ellison

A

Stomach g cells

250
Q

7 month old baby kitchen drinks cleaning solution

A

Mucosal and submucosal damage, ulcerations, equates and vesicle formation

251
Q

Diarrhea with villi destruction and IgA positive to transglutiminase

A

Celiac sprue

Increased incidence lymphoma

252
Q

74 yo woman dementia no poop

Knees to chest abdomen distended

A

Volvulus

Twisting colon mesentery

253
Q

3 month old large foul smelling stool

Dropping growth curve

A

CF need enzyme replacement

254
Q

H pylori

A

Corkscrew gram negative rod

255
Q

Urea breath test

A

H pylori

256
Q

4 week old cant keep food down spit. Up

A

Pyloric stenosis

257
Q

50 yo male colonoscopy
Polyp removed in ascending colon
What is the greatest risk for malignancy

A

Villous adenoma

Pathology (36 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions