Chapter 8

Question 1

In the US and other high income countries who does infectious disease =s kill

Answer 1

Older adults and immunosuppressed

Chronic diseases

Question 2

In developing worlds why are 6/10 leading causes of death from infectious diseases . Also what is the most common death in these places for infectious diseases

Answer 2

Inadequate medical care and malnutrition

Kids with respiratory and diarrheal diseases

Question 3

Human bodies contain __ times more microbial cells than human cells

Answer 3

Ten

Question 4

How does our microbiome prevent disease. How can they cause death

Answer 4

Occupy niche that pathogens could inhabit

When normal host defenses are breached or attenuated

Question 5

How do microbes enter the host

Answer 5

By breaching epithelial surfaces, inhalation, ingestion, or sexually transmission

Question 6

Respiratory, general, gi, and genitourinary tract infections in healthy people are caused by virulent pathogens. How

Answer 6

Damage or penetrate the epidermis or mucosal epithelium

Question 7

Skin infections are in healthy people are less virulent. How do they enter

Answer 7

Skin through superficial injuries

Question 8

Skin major defense

Answer 8

Epidermal barrier

Question 9

Basis for failure of local defense in skin

Answer 9

Mechanical defects (punctures, burns)
Needle sticks
Arthropod and animal bites
Direct penetration

Question 10

Skin pathogens for mechanical defects

Answer 10

S. Aureus, Candida albicans, Pseudomonas aeuginosa

Question 11

Skin pathogens for needle sticks

Answer 11

HIV hepatitis

Question 12

Skin pathogens for arthropod and animal bites

Answer 12

Yellow fever, plague, Lyme disease, malaria, rabies

Question 13

Skin pathogens for direct penetration

Answer 13

Schistosoma

Question 14

GI tract major defense

Answer 14

Epithelial barrier
Acidic secretions
Bile and pancreatic enzymes
Normal protective flora

Question 15

Basis of failure of defense of GI tract

Answer 15

Attachment and local proliferation of microbes
Attachment and local invasion of microbes
Uptake through M cells

Question 16

Pathogens for attachment and local proliferation of microbes

Answer 16

Vibrio cholerae

Giardia

Question 17

Pathogens for attachment and local invasion of microbes

Answer 17

Shigella, salmonella, campylobacter

Question 18

Uptake through M cells pathogens

Answer 18

Poliovirus, certain pathogenic bacteria

Question 19

Failure of defense of acidic secretions

Answer 19

Acid resistant cysts and eggs

Question 20

Pathogens for failure of acidic secretions

Answer 20

Many protozoa and helminths

Question 21

Failure of bile and pancreatic enzymes

Answer 21

Resistant microbial external coats

Question 22

Pathogens for failure of bile and pancreatic enzymes

Answer 22

Hepatitis A, rotavirus, norovirus

Question 23

Failure of normal protective microflora

Answer 23

Broad spectrum antibiotic use

Question 24

Pathogen of failure of normal protective flora

Answer 24

Clostridium

Question 25

Respiratory tract barrier

Answer 25

Mucociliary clearance

Question 26

Basis of failure of mucociliary clearance

Answer 26

Attachment and local proliferation of microbes

Ciliary paralysis by toxins

Question 27

Pathogens for attachment and local proliferation of microbes

Answer 27

Influenza

Question 28

Pathogens for ciliary paralysis by toxins

Answer 28

H