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Pathology > Chapter 16 Part 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 16 Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Dental carries are what

A

Demineralization of enamel and dentin by fermented sugar by bacteria

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2
Q

Gingivitis

A

Plaque build up between gums

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3
Q

What happens if plaque is not removed

A

Calculus (tartar)

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4
Q

Periodontitis

A

Inflammation periodontal ligament, alveolar bone, cementum could lead to tooth fall out

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5
Q

What causes periodontitis

A

No disorder

Immune dysfunction

AIDS, leukemia, crohns, downs, diabetes, sarcoidosis, neutrophil

DOWNS—>get leukemia

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6
Q

What can periodontal infections lead to

A

Systemic disease (endocarditis, pulmonary brain abscess)

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7
Q

What bacteria cause periodontitis

A

Gram positive oral

Gram negative plaque 9aggregatibacter, porphyromonas, prevotella)

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8
Q

Aphthous ulcer canker sore

A

Shallow hype remix ulcerations covered with thin exudate and a narrow Tim or erythema

Purulent

Genetic

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9
Q

Inflammatory infiltrates aphthous ulcer

A

Mononuclear but neutrophil if secondary bacterial infection

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10
Q

Irritation fibroma

A

Trauma cause submucosal mass of fibrous ct on buccal mucosa

Surgery

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11
Q

Pyogenic granuloma

A

Inflammatory lesion on gingiva of pregnant women and kids

Ulcerated red purple lesion

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12
Q

Are pyogenic granuloma bad

A

May rapidly grow, vascular hemorrhagic

Usually regress with pregnancy

Can become fibroma surgery!

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13
Q

Peripheral ossifying fibroma

A

Common
Arise from pyogenic granuloma or de novo from periodontal ligament
In teen females
Red, ulcerated, nodular lesion of the gingiva

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14
Q

Treat peripheral ozzifying fibroma

A

Remove down or periosteum

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15
Q

Peripheral giant cell granuloma

A

Rare
Gingiva

Aggregation of multinucleated foreign body like giant cells separated by a fibroangiomatous stroma

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16
Q

Acute hermetic gingivitomatitis

A

Gingiva

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17
Q

Recurrent herpes labialis

A

Lips, nasal orifices, buccal mucosa, gingiva, hard palate

LATENT in trigeminal ganglion

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18
Q

Diagnose herpes

A

Tzanck test-microscopic examination of the vesicle fluid

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19
Q

Oral candidas thrush

A

Pseudomembranous
Erythematous
Hyperplastic

Can be scraped off to reveal erythematous inflammatory base

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20
Q

Ztgomycosis

A

Fungal lives on decaying things can be fatal to diabetics

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21
Q

Scarlet fever

A

Red raspberry tongue from group a beta hemolytic strep

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22
Q

Measels

A

Koplick spots

Ulceration buccal mucosa, spotty exanthema, cough, coryza, conjunctivitis

Giant cell

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23
Q

Infectious mono

A

Pharyngitis and tonsillitis with gray white exudative membrane
LAD
Palatal petechiae
EBV

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24
Q

Diphtheria

A

Dirty white fibrinosuppurative tough inflammatory membrane over tonsils and retropharynx

Corynebacterium diptherai

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25
Q

HIV

A

Herpes
Candida
Kaposi sarcoma -blue red nodula with spindle cells
Hairy leukoplakia

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26
Q

Steven johnson

A

Erythema multiforma
Oral maculopapular vesiculobullous eruption follows infection, drug, or cancer

Lesions all over skin

Life threatening

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27
Q

Phenytoin ingestion

A

GINGIVAL HYPERPLASIA

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28
Q

Hairy leukoplakia

A

Lateral border tongue EBV cant be scraped off

Balloon cells

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29
Q

Who gets leukoplakia and erythroblastosis

A

Males who smoke older

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30
Q

Are leukoplakia and erythroplakia dangerous

A

Precancerous

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31
Q

If symptoms of leukoplakia and erythroplakia

A

Speckled leukoplakia

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32
Q

Leukoplakia

A

Can’t be scraped off
White plaque
Sharp border
Until proven otherwise all are premalignant

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33
Q

Erythroplakia

A

Red velvety erosions , intense inflammation ,vascular dilation,

Severe dysplasia great risk of malignant transformation

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34
Q

95% of cancers of the head a neck

A

Squamous call carcinoma
With a high rate of multiple tumors
Usually more in oropharynx than oral

35
Q

Risk factor squamous cell carcinoma

A

Sun, smoking, betel quid and paan chewing, familial (genomic instability), HPV-16

36
Q

Field cancerization of squamous cell carcinoma

A

Multiple individual primary tumors develop independently in the upper aerodigestive tract as a result of years of chronic exposure of the mucosa to carcinogens

Secondary tumors most common cause of death

37
Q

HPV 16 and squamous cell carcinoam

A

E6 p53 inactivation

E7 RB inactivation

38
Q

Tobacco and alcohol genes for squamous cell carcinoma

A

TP52, P63, NOTCH1

39
Q

Idealized progression genes

A

Loss inhibitor, cyclin d1 up

40
Q

Where is squamous cell carcinoma

A

Tongue, floor, lower lip(pipe), gingiva

41
Q

Can u predict squamous cell carcinoma

A

No variable differentiation

42
Q

Where does it metasticize

A

Submandibular, cervical nodes, lungs, liver bones

43
Q

HPV or tobacco better chance of survival

A

HPV

44
Q

What are odotogenic cysts and tumors

A

Epithelium lined cysts on the mandible and maxilla from odonotgenic remnants

Jaws

45
Q

Dentigerous cyst

A

Near crown of unerupted teeth

Ulilicular lesions most often associated with impacted 3rd molars

REMOVE

46
Q

Keratocystic odotongenic tumor

A

Must be differentiated bc aggressive
Males
Posterior mandible

Prominent basal layer
Corrugated epithelial surface

47
Q

Association with keratocystic odontogenic

A

Goblin syndrome (PTCH tumor suppressor)

48
Q

Why respect keratocystic odontogenic tumor wide margin

A

Lots recur

49
Q

Periapical cyst

A

Inflammatory origin
From caries or trauma

Pulpal tissue necrosis that traverses the tooth length exiting the tooth apex into the surrounding alveolar bone

Granuloma

From continued presence of bacteria or irritation agent

50
Q

Treat periapical cyst

A

Remove offending material and restore or extract

51
Q

Odontogenic tumors

A

Amelobastoma

Odontoma

52
Q

Ameloblastoma

A

Of odontogenic epithelium
No ectomesenchymal differentiation

Wide surgical resection

53
Q

Odontoma

A

More common odontogenic tumor
From odontogenic epithelium with extensive deposition of enamel
Hamartoma

54
Q

What is Wharton duct

A

Drains saliva from each bilateral submandibular and sublingual glands to the sublingual carbuncle at the base of the tongue

55
Q

What causes xerostermia

A

Shortens, radiation, anticholinergics, nerve damage, aging, tobacco, stroke

56
Q

Presentation xerosterma

A

Tongue fissuring salivary gland enlarged

57
Q

Risk of xerostermia

A

Dental caries, candida, difficulty swallowing speaking

58
Q

Inflammation salivary can’t causes

A

Sjorgems, mumps (tropism for parotid), mucocele (most common),

59
Q

Mumps

A

Desquamation, edema, inflammationspread to CNS testes, pancreas

60
Q

Mucocele

A

Most common salivary gland lesion with a blue translucent hue

Injury! Lower lip trauma

61
Q

Ranula

A

Mucocele of sublingual gland lined by epithelium

May connect bellies of mylohyoid muscle

62
Q

Sialolithiasis non specific

A

Obstruction with stone causing periductal edema or impacted food debris

Usually submandibular

63
Q

What bacteria cause non specificsialadentis(inflammation)

A

Staph a

Strep virus ANS

64
Q

Rule for nonspecific sialadentis

A

Unilateral involvement of a single gland

Usually submandibular

65
Q

Risk of nonspecific sialadentis

A

Impacted food obstruction or edema around

Increased secretions form dehydration may lead to development of bacterial suppurative parotitis in old people that had recent thoracic or abdominal surgery

Decreased secretory function
(In patients recovering long term phenothiazines that suppress salivary secretion)

Obstruction and bacterial invasion

66
Q

Benign neoplasm of salivary gland

A

Pleomorphic adenoma

Warthin tumor

67
Q

Malignant neoplasm salivary gland

A

Mucoepidermoid carcinoma

Adenoid cystic carcinoma

68
Q

Rule of salivary gland and malignancy

A

Smaller the gland, more likely neoplasm malignant

69
Q

Pleomorphic adenoma

A

Benign tumors that consist of a mixture of ductal and myoepithelial cells, and therefore they show both epithelial and mesenchymal differentiation
Mixed

70
Q

What gland for pleomorphic adenoma

A

Paretic

71
Q

Risk factor pleomorphic adenoma

A

Ionizing radiation

72
Q

Genetics pleomorphic adenoma

A

PLAG1 overexpression

73
Q

Morphology pleomorphic adenoma

A

Epithelial nests in a matrix of myxoid, hyaline, chondrification, or osseous differentiation

74
Q

Prognosis pleomorphic adenoma

A

10% malignant trans

Recur

75
Q

Carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma

A

From a pleomorphic adenoma so still mixed

Most aggressive !!!!
High infiltrating high mortality

76
Q

Warthin tumor

A

Benign occurring in parotid in early life

Malignant later in life

Second most common
Palpable

77
Q

Risk of warthin

A

Smoking, smoking

78
Q

Morphology warthin

A

Double layer of neoplastic epithelial cells resting on a dense lymphoid stroma, sometimes bearing germinal centers

79
Q

Mucoepidermoid carcinoma

A

Most malignant
Parotid
Pale grey

80
Q

Morphology mucoepidermoid

A

Cords, sheets, or cystic arrangements of squamous cells, mucus secreting

81
Q

Genetics muco

A

Mect1-maml2 fusion gene, balanced (11:19) translocation NOTCH camp

82
Q

Adenoid cystic carcinoma

A

Slow growing uncommon grow on nerves

Worse prognosis if in the minor salivary glands than parotid

83
Q

Acidic cell carcinoma

A

Normal serous acinar cells
Uncommon
Parotid

Remainder in submandibular

Bilateral or multi centric

Small discrete lesions that appear encapsulated

Clear cytoplasm but sometimes cold or vacuolated

Recurrence
Prognosis goos

Pathology (36 decks)

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