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History > USSR: Topic 2 - Economy > Flashcards

USSR: Topic 2 - Economy Flashcards

1
Q

October 1917

A

Decree on Land

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2
Q

Decree on Land (2)

A

Estates belonging to the Church and aristocracy were broken up
Peasants could own the land they worked

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3
Q

March-June 1918

A

State Capitalism

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4
Q

Vesenkha (2)

A

The Supreme Soviet of the National Economy

A group of economic experts that ran all nationalized industries by coordinating economic production and setting targets

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5
Q

July 1918

A

Introduction of War Communism

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6
Q

War Communism (4)

A

A set Communist economic measures that ensured:
High levels of industrial production
Efficient allocation of workers
Enough agricultural production to feed the Red Army and then the working population

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7
Q

1918: working day

A

11 hour working day

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8
Q

16-50 years of age

A

Compulsory working age in 1919

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9
Q

3 million –> 1.2 million

A

The decline in the industrial workforce between 1917-1922

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10
Q

Gross industrial output: 1913-1920

A

1913 Index: 100

1920 Index: 31

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11
Q

60%

A

The percentage of food that came from the black market

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12
Q

1921 harvest

A

46% less yield than the 1913 harvest

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13
Q

March 1921

A

Introduction of the New Economic Policy (NEP)

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14
Q

NEP

A

An economic policy that turned the USSR into a mixed economy with a free market agriculture sector and a nationalized industrial sector

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15
Q

Grain production: 1921-1926

A

1921: 37.61 million tons
1926: 76.80 million tons

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16
Q

Scissors Crisis

A

Uneven economic growth caused by a gap in the low incomes of farmers and high price of industry meaning there was no incentive for farmers to keep producing large quantities of grain

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17
Q

Nepmen

A

Salesmen who profited immensely by selling desirable goods from factories or farms at black markets

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18
Q

Dictatorship of Industry

A

Forced agricultural collectivisation in order raise funds for rapid industrialisation

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19
Q

First Five-Year Plan

A

October 1928-December 1932

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20
Q

January 1933-December 1937

A

Second Five-Year Plan

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21
Q

Third Five-Year Plan

A

January 1938-June 1941

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22
Q

Gosplan

A

The Vesenkha under Stalin; a central economic agency that formulated production targets for every factory, mine and workshop

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23
Q

Steel production: 1927-1940

A

1927: 4.00 million tons
1940: 18.30 million tons

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24
Q

Moscow Metro

A

First lines opened in 1935

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25
Moscow-Volga Canal
An immense canal constructed between 1932 and 1937 that allowed for the efficient transportation of goods
26
51%
Estimated gains in labour productivity in electrical production between 1936-1940 due to the Stakhanovite movement
27
Military spending in 1940
1/3 of total government spending
28
Industrial waste
40% of industrial production was stored at factories and left to waste
29
April 1929
The publishing of the first 5YP, six months after its supposed implementation
30
Shoe queues in Moscow
Lines for shows in Moscow often exceeded 1000 people in the early 1930s
31
Liubertsy, Moscow
A district in Moscow that had a single bathhouse for the 650,000 people living there
32
Kulak Grain Strike
In 1927, farmers decreased grain production to push up prices causing a shortage in the cities but a profit for the famers
33
July 1928
The end of the NEP as Stalin uses the Cheka to requisition grain
34
Dekulakisation
Mass deportation of 1.5 million of the richest peasants (kulaks) and any peasants who resisted government policy
35
1929-1930 --> 1930 --> 1931 --> 1941
A drive for collectivisation --> a halt due to instability --> reinstation of collectivisation --> almost all farms had been collectivised
36
60 million
The number of sheep and goats that were killed during the transition to collectivisation
37
Grain production: 1928-1934
1928: 73.3 million tons 1934: 67.6 million tons
38
Holodomor
Government-created famine between 1932 and 1933 to destroy the resistance of Ukrainian farmers to collectivisation
39
Grain exports: 1928-1932
1928: 1 million tons 1932: 5 million tons
40
Private vs State farms
Private farms: 410 kilos per hectare of produce State farms: 320 kilos per hectare of produce X2 more meat and milk produced by private farms
41
US imports in WW2
The USSR relied on these imports to supply a fifth of the calories consumed by the Red Army
42
1945-1950
Fourth Five-Year Plan | USSR = the fastest growing economy in the world
43
88%
Percentage of total economic investment that went into heavy industry during the fourth 5YP
44
Coal production: 1940-1950
1940: 165.9 million tons 1950: 261.1 million tons
45
Military budget: 1952
¼ of the total government budget
46
12%
Percentage of total economic investment that went into food production and consumer goods during the fourth 5YP
47
Production of consumer goods: 1945-1950
Doubled
48
1946-1949
Severe grain shortages
49
1947-1952
Grain production rose and returned to pre-war levels
50
250% increase
The increase in farm incomes between 1952-1956
51
1954-1955: tractors and fertilisers
Tractor production: 30% increase | Fertiliser production: 40% increase
52
September 1953
Virgin Lands Scheme
53
Virgin Lands Scheme
An agricultural scheme to increase production by turning unfarmed land in Kazakhstan, the northern Caucasus and western Siberia into new farms
54
Farmland expansion: 1953-1964
1953: 18.2 million hectares 1964: 97.4 million hectares
55
September 1958
The Corn Campaign
56
The Corn Campaign
An agricultural campaign to shift wheat production to the Virgin Lands farms and introduce maize in the Ukraine to feed animals and increase meat availability
57
Maize production: USSR vs US
Soviet farms produced 50% less corn per hectare than US farms
58
35.3%
The increase in agricultural production between 1953 and 1958
59
Grain harvest: 1953-1958
1953: 82.5 million tons 1958: 134.7 million tons
60
Economic growth: 1950-1958
7.1% increase; the fastest growing economy in the world
61
Agriculture labour: USSR vs US
USSR: 44% of the population worked on farms US: 5% of the population worked on farms, producing X2 the food
62
Agricultural production: 1958-1964
15% increase in production which was historically high | Did not match the ambitious targets that Khrushchev had proposed in 1956
63
Agricultural spending: 1960
1960: 2% of the total budget
64
Military spending: 1955-->1958-->1964
1955: 12.1% of the total budget 1958: 9.1% of the total budget 1964: 11% of the total budget
65
January 1959
The Seven-Year Plan
66
60%
The increase in the production of consumer goods between 1959 and 1965, 5% below target
67
19 million tons
The increase in the production of fertiliser between 1959 and 1965. 3.5 million tons below target
68
241,000 tons
The increase in the production of synthetic fibres between 1959 and 1965. 200,000 tons below target
69
February 1957
Sovnarkhoz reforms
70
Re-centralisation
1958-1964
71
February 1962
Khrushchev splits Party into agriculture and industry sectors
72
Economic growth: 1958-1964
A decline to a 5.3% increase
73
January 1968
Introduction of the “Kosygin reforms”
74
Kosygin reforms
Cut investment into inefficient collective farms | Divert money into light industry
75
August 1968
End of the “Kosygin reforms”
76
Military spending: 1964-1970
1964: 11% of the total budget 1970: 13% of the total budget
77
Oil production: 1965-1980
1965: 243 million tons 1980: 603 million tons
78
Economic growth: 1970s
A sharp decline to around a 2% increase
79
November 1982
Anti-corruption campaign
80
Nikolai Shchelokov
Red Army General and Minister of the Interior | Killed himself before his trial for corruption
81
Operation Trawl
An anti-drunkenness and anti-absenteeism campaign | KGB combed through parks, restaurants and train stations to arrest those drunk or absent from work
82
Sovnarkhoz reforms
Decentralisation of the Gosplan into 105 sovnarkhoz: regional planning agencies
83
Agricultural spending: 1954-1959
1954: 3% of the total budget 1959: 12.8% of the total budget

History (6 decks)

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