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History > USSR: Topic 2 - Economy > Flashcards

USSR: Topic 2 - Economy Flashcards

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1
Q

October 1917

A

Decree on Land

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2
Q

Decree on Land (2)

A

Estates belonging to the Church and aristocracy were broken up
Peasants could own the land they worked

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3
Q

March-June 1918

A

State Capitalism

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4
Q

Vesenkha (2)

A

The Supreme Soviet of the National Economy

A group of economic experts that ran all nationalized industries by coordinating economic production and setting targets

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5
Q

July 1918

A

Introduction of War Communism

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6
Q

War Communism (4)

A

A set Communist economic measures that ensured:
High levels of industrial production
Efficient allocation of workers
Enough agricultural production to feed the Red Army and then the working population

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7
Q

1918: working day

A

11 hour working day

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8
Q

16-50 years of age

A

Compulsory working age in 1919

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9
Q

3 million –> 1.2 million

A

The decline in the industrial workforce between 1917-1922

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10
Q

Gross industrial output: 1913-1920

A

1913 Index: 100

1920 Index: 31

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11
Q

60%

A

The percentage of food that came from the black market

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12
Q

1921 harvest

A

46% less yield than the 1913 harvest

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13
Q

March 1921

A

Introduction of the New Economic Policy (NEP)

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14
Q

NEP

A

An economic policy that turned the USSR into a mixed economy with a free market agriculture sector and a nationalized industrial sector

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15
Q

Grain production: 1921-1926

A

1921: 37.61 million tons
1926: 76.80 million tons

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16
Q

Scissors Crisis

A

Uneven economic growth caused by a gap in the low incomes of farmers and high price of industry meaning there was no incentive for farmers to keep producing large quantities of grain

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17
Q

Nepmen

A

Salesmen who profited immensely by selling desirable goods from factories or farms at black markets

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18
Q

Dictatorship of Industry

A

Forced agricultural collectivisation in order raise funds for rapid industrialisation

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19
Q

First Five-Year Plan

A

October 1928-December 1932

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20
Q

January 1933-December 1937

A

Second Five-Year Plan

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21
Q

Third Five-Year Plan

A

January 1938-June 1941

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22
Q

Gosplan

A

The Vesenkha under Stalin; a central economic agency that formulated production targets for every factory, mine and workshop

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23
Q

Steel production: 1927-1940

A

1927: 4.00 million tons
1940: 18.30 million tons

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24
Q

Moscow Metro

A

First lines opened in 1935

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25
Q

Moscow-Volga Canal

A

An immense canal constructed between 1932 and 1937 that allowed for the efficient transportation of goods

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26
Q

51%

A

Estimated gains in labour productivity in electrical production between 1936-1940 due to the Stakhanovite movement

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27
Q

Military spending in 1940

A

1/3 of total government spending

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28
Q

Industrial waste

A

40% of industrial production was stored at factories and left to waste

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29
Q

April 1929

A

The publishing of the first 5YP, six months after its supposed implementation

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30
Q

Shoe queues in Moscow

A

Lines for shows in Moscow often exceeded 1000 people in the early 1930s

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31
Q

Liubertsy, Moscow

A

A district in Moscow that had a single bathhouse for the 650,000 people living there

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32
Q

Kulak Grain Strike

A

In 1927, farmers decreased grain production to push up prices causing a shortage in the cities but a profit for the famers

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33
Q

July 1928

A

The end of the NEP as Stalin uses the Cheka to requisition grain

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34
Q

Dekulakisation

A

Mass deportation of 1.5 million of the richest peasants (kulaks) and any peasants who resisted government policy

35
Q

1929-1930 –> 1930 –> 1931 –> 1941

A

A drive for collectivisation –> a halt due to instability –> reinstation of collectivisation –> almost all farms had been collectivised

36
Q

60 million

A

The number of sheep and goats that were killed during the transition to collectivisation

37
Q

Grain production: 1928-1934

A

1928: 73.3 million tons
1934: 67.6 million tons

38
Q

Holodomor

A

Government-created famine between 1932 and 1933 to destroy the resistance of Ukrainian farmers to collectivisation

39
Q

Grain exports: 1928-1932

A

1928: 1 million tons
1932: 5 million tons

40
Q

Private vs State farms

A

Private farms: 410 kilos per hectare of produce
State farms: 320 kilos per hectare of produce
X2 more meat and milk produced by private farms

41
Q

US imports in WW2

A

The USSR relied on these imports to supply a fifth of the calories consumed by the Red Army

42
Q

1945-1950

A

Fourth Five-Year Plan

USSR = the fastest growing economy in the world

43
Q

88%

A

Percentage of total economic investment that went into heavy industry during the fourth 5YP

44
Q

Coal production: 1940-1950

A

1940: 165.9 million tons
1950: 261.1 million tons

45
Q

Military budget: 1952

A

¼ of the total government budget

46
Q

12%

A

Percentage of total economic investment that went into food production and consumer goods during the fourth 5YP

47
Q

Production of consumer goods: 1945-1950

A

Doubled

48
Q

1946-1949

A

Severe grain shortages

49
Q

1947-1952

A

Grain production rose and returned to pre-war levels

50
Q

250% increase

A

The increase in farm incomes between 1952-1956

51
Q

1954-1955: tractors and fertilisers

A

Tractor production: 30% increase

Fertiliser production: 40% increase

52
Q

September 1953

A

Virgin Lands Scheme

53
Q

Virgin Lands Scheme

A

An agricultural scheme to increase production by turning unfarmed land in Kazakhstan, the northern Caucasus and western Siberia into new farms

54
Q

Farmland expansion: 1953-1964

A

1953: 18.2 million hectares
1964: 97.4 million hectares

55
Q

September 1958

A

The Corn Campaign

56
Q

The Corn Campaign

A

An agricultural campaign to shift wheat production to the Virgin Lands farms and introduce maize in the Ukraine to feed animals and increase meat availability

57
Q

Maize production: USSR vs US

A

Soviet farms produced 50% less corn per hectare than US farms

58
Q

35.3%

A

The increase in agricultural production between 1953 and 1958

59
Q

Grain harvest: 1953-1958

A

1953: 82.5 million tons
1958: 134.7 million tons

60
Q

Economic growth: 1950-1958

A

7.1% increase; the fastest growing economy in the world

61
Q

Agriculture labour: USSR vs US

A

USSR: 44% of the population worked on farms
US: 5% of the population worked on farms, producing X2 the food

62
Q

Agricultural production: 1958-1964

A

15% increase in production which was historically high

Did not match the ambitious targets that Khrushchev had proposed in 1956

63
Q

Agricultural spending: 1960

A

1960: 2% of the total budget

64
Q

Military spending: 1955–>1958–>1964

A

1955: 12.1% of the total budget
1958: 9.1% of the total budget
1964: 11% of the total budget

65
Q

January 1959

A

The Seven-Year Plan

66
Q

60%

A

The increase in the production of consumer goods between 1959 and 1965, 5% below target

67
Q

19 million tons

A

The increase in the production of fertiliser between 1959 and 1965. 3.5 million tons below target

68
Q

241,000 tons

A

The increase in the production of synthetic fibres between 1959 and 1965. 200,000 tons below target

69
Q

February 1957

A

Sovnarkhoz reforms

70
Q

Re-centralisation

A

1958-1964

71
Q

February 1962

A

Khrushchev splits Party into agriculture and industry sectors

72
Q

Economic growth: 1958-1964

A

A decline to a 5.3% increase

73
Q

January 1968

A

Introduction of the “Kosygin reforms”

74
Q

Kosygin reforms

A

Cut investment into inefficient collective farms

Divert money into light industry

75
Q

August 1968

A

End of the “Kosygin reforms”

76
Q

Military spending: 1964-1970

A

1964: 11% of the total budget
1970: 13% of the total budget

77
Q

Oil production: 1965-1980

A

1965: 243 million tons
1980: 603 million tons

78
Q

Economic growth: 1970s

A

A sharp decline to around a 2% increase

79
Q

November 1982

A

Anti-corruption campaign

80
Q

Nikolai Shchelokov

A

Red Army General and Minister of the Interior

Killed himself before his trial for corruption

81
Q

Operation Trawl

A

An anti-drunkenness and anti-absenteeism campaign

KGB combed through parks, restaurants and train stations to arrest those drunk or absent from work

82
Q

Sovnarkhoz reforms

A

Decentralisation of the Gosplan into 105 sovnarkhoz: regional planning agencies

83
Q

Agricultural spending: 1954-1959

A

1954: 3% of the total budget
1959: 12.8% of the total budget

History (6 decks)

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