China: Establishing Control Flashcards
Industry (3)
Factories and industrial equipment destroyed
Only 10% of national output was from industry Only 5% of population worked in industry
Bandits
1 million bandits roamed the countryside
Transport
½ of the railway network destroyed
Structure of the CCP
5.8 million members –> 49-member Central Committee –> 25-member Politburo –> 5-member Standing Committee
State Council (2)
Headed by Zhou Enlai who co-ordinated the 24 new ministries
Wielded legislative and executive power
The PLA (4)
Controlled by the CCP through the Military Affairs Commission
Tasked with extending Communist control over China
800,000 new recruits conscripted each year
Served a military, political and economic role
Regional administration
China split into 6 regions with a regional party bureaux headed by 4 officials: Government Chairman, First Party Secretary, Military Commander and Army Political Commissar
Military role of the PLA
Conducted reunification campaigns across China
Political role of the PLA (2)
Two of the 4 head officials in every regional party bureaux were military
A military administrative force controlled China
Economic Role of the PLA
Soldiers, a disciplined workforce, were used to rebuild China’s infrastructure
March 1950 (PLA)
Reunification campaigns begin with sponsored migration of Han Chinese in Muslim Xinjiang
December 1950
Reunification campaigns culminate with the execution of 28,000 pro-nationalists in Guangdong
1.3 million
The amount of people undergoing forced labour in laogai by 1955
The 17-point agreement
A treaty forced upon the Dalai Lama by PLA forces following an invasion into Tibetl
25 October 1950
With the UN at the Yalu River, Gen. Peng Dehuai enters North Korea with the People’s Liberation Army inflicting serious losses to the UN
February 1951
“Resist America, Aid Korea” campaign begins
27 July 1953
An armistice ending hostilities is created with a demilitarised zone along the 38th Parallel but the agreement is never signed
Cost of the Korean War (5)
400,000 PLA soldiers died
$10 billion war cost
Taiwan protected by the US and complete reunification impossible
Souring of US-China relations
China now isolated and solely dependent on the USSR for economic aid
Benefits of the Korean War (3)
International prestige
Domestic support
The removal of internal and external opposition
Domestic support (3)
Farmers pledged increased production and surplus crops
Workers increased production in coal, iron and steel
Businessmen signed “patriotic pacts” to fall in line with the state
International prestige (4)
Mao had proven the West to be “paper tigers”
China engaged a foreign power for the first time in a century without losing face
Mao was well-placed to be the leader of the communist movement in Asia
Mao’s personal prestige as a military leader strengthened
March 1950 (ZF)
Zhen Fan or Campaign to Suppress Counterrevolutionaries launches in response to the strong GMD resistance to the Communists
March – April 1950
The first Speak Bitterness campaigns begin in rural areas; landlords are publicly accused, denounced, ridiculed and often killed.
800,000
The number of deaths from the Zhen Fan during the first half of 1951
