USSR in Eastern Europe Flashcards

0
Q

Hungary 1956

A

Communist leader Rákosi was removed June 1956 after divisions in the party. Rákosi asked USSR for help but they said no and retired him for health reasons
New leader Gerö, still too communist.
October 56 Nagy new government. Announced plans for free elections, private ownership of land, withdrawal of Russian troops.
Wanted to leave Warsaw Pact

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1
Q

Hungary date

A

1956

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2
Q

USSR response to Hungary wanting to leave Warsaw Pact

A
Ordered Russian troops in November and after two weeks fighting 
3,000 Hungarians dead
7-8,000 Russians
200,000 Hungarians fled to Austria 
Nagy executed
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3
Q

Czechoslovakia when

A

1968

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4
Q

What happens on Czechoslovakia 68-9

A

Novotry
Strict communist
Forced to resign in 67

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5
Q

After Novotry

A
Dubeck
Reforms
More freedom
Independent trade unions
As censorship eased, people launched public attacks on communism known as Prague Spring. People had new ideas
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6
Q

How did soviets respond to Prague Spring

A

Czechoslovakia was one of the most central placed and strongest
Worried about spread of these new ideas
Tried to slow dubeck
Performed very public training exercises along Czech borders
Thought about imposing sanctions but was worried they would run to the west for help.
But 20 august 68 soviets sent the tanks in
Little bloodshed as Czechs stayed calm

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7
Q

A few things solidarity wanted

A
A trade union who wanted
More pay 
End censorship
Some welfare benefits
Broadcasting of Catholic Church services
Election of factory managers
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8
Q

Why did the USSR give into solidarity in 1980

A

Union was strongest in those industries most important to the government
In The early years it wasn’t seen as an alternative of communism
Lech Walesa was very careful
Union was very popular
Had the support of the Catholic Church
Government was waiting solidarity to split up
Was growing in the west

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9
Q

Why did the soviets clamp down on solidarity in 81

A

Solidarity was acting as a political party
Poland was on chaos with food shortages, low wages and unemployment
Solidarity was in chaos so were just pushing the communists harder
Soviets had had enough

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10
Q

What happens to solidarity 81

A

December

President, general Jaruzelski. Fearing soviet army intervention suspended solidarity and arrested many of their leaders.

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11
Q

1990

A

Walesa became president of Poland

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12
Q

Berlin Wall

A

Built 61

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13
Q

Why Berlin Wall built

A

To stop flow of people from east to west (cause e

West standards were so much better

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14
Q

Border of Germany closed

A

1952 but Berlin was a loophole

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15
Q

1958 Khrushchev …

A

Demanded west leave Berlin
West said no
Khrushchev left it at that

16
Q

When did wallpaper

A

12-13 th August 61 traffic stooped and wall was built

17
Q

What did the wall show

A

Soviet defeat. Had to have a wall to keep people in

Kennedy: it’s not a very nice solution but a wall is a heck of a lot better than a war

18
Q

Gorbachev took power when

When did communist control collapse

A

1985

1989

19
Q

Events of 89

A

Jan, Hungry free elections
May, Hungary remove border fence
June, Poland free elections. Solidarity
Sept, people start using hungry Austria border to escape east
Oct, Gorbachev visits east Berlin and sacks president Honecker
November, wall comes down & Prague calls for free elections
Dec, free Prague elections. Romania secret police fire on demonstrators. Furious, communist party headquarters overthrown and president Ceaseseu

20
Q

Gorbachev policies

A

Glasnost: open
Perestroika: economic reform
Demokratizatsyia: accountable

21
Q

Rise of solidarity

A

July 80: government increased price of meat
August 80: Gdansk shipyard led by Walesa started free trade union
30 August 80: government agreed to all 21 of solidarity’s demands
Sept 80: membership grew to 3.8 million
Oct 80: solidarity 7 million and officially recognised by government
Jan 81: 9.4 million