Using the Evidence - Lecture Thirty-Two Flashcards
Surveillance
Surveillance
Has to be ongoing, systematic, analyse, interpretation, dissemination and reduce morbidity and mortality and improve health
What is surveillance used for?
Characterising patterns of disease Detecting epidemics Further investigation Research Disease control programmes Setting priorities Evaluation
Characterising patterns of disease
Looking at key factors of epidemiology (time, person and place)
Detecting epidemics
Viewing spikes
Types of surveillance
Indicator based
Event based
Indicator based surveillance includes
Passive, active and sentinel surveillances
Indicator-based surveillance
General specific infectious diseases or cancers
Mostly commonly passive notification by clinician.
Reports on time, person and place
Passive surveillance
Notifiable disease
Disease registries
Hospital data
Strengths of passive surveillance
Low cost
Wide area
Data linkage
Limitation of passive surveillance
Under reporting
Active surveillance
A treatment plan that involves closely watching a patient’s condition and not giving any treatment unless condition is gets worse
Sero-surveillance
The monitoring of the presence or absence of specific substances in the blood serum of a population
Sentinel surveillance
Monitor disease or trends to detect outbreaks but unable to detect outside of groups
Event-based surveillance
Organised monitoring of reports, media stories, rumours, and other information about health events that could be a serious risk to public health
Characteristics of a good surveillance system
Clear case definition (strong predictive value) Organised Analysis Workable/practical/simple Uniform Continuous Timely Sensitive Interpretation Acceptable (to the public & key stakeholders
