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Using Resources Flashcards

1
Q

What do we use the worlds natural resources for

A

Food, clothing, shelter, warmth, shelter

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2
Q

Examples of renewable resources

A

Solar, wind, hydroelectric, geothermal

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3
Q

What is potable water

A

Water that is safe for human consumption

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4
Q

What 2 things must potable water contain not a lot of to be safe to drink

A

Microbes and salts

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5
Q

How to create potable water from rain water

A
  1. Leaves and large stones removed through filter
  2. Water moves through settlement tank where any sediment goes to the bottom of the tank
  3. Add aluminium sulfate to make particles clump together
  4. Water is passed through gravel and sand to remove more sediment
  5. Sterilization, microbes killed with chlorine or UV light
  6. Check pH and adjust
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6
Q

Which countries use rainwater for potable water

A

UK

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7
Q

How to get potable water from sea water distillation

A

Desalination
1. Heat the sea water to boiling point
2. Steam rises out and condenses in a condensing tube
3. Salt is left behind

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8
Q

Downsides of distillation of sea water

A

Expensive to boil water
Not all water boils and this is hard to get rid of

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9
Q

How to get potable water from sea water reverse osmosis

A

Force water through a semi-permeable membrane at high pressure
Ions and microbes are trapped behind the membrane

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10
Q

Downsides of reverse osmosis of sea water

A

Leaves behind alot of waste water
Membranes are expensive

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11
Q

How is sewage a danger to the rivers

A

Microbes grow highly in sewage waters and use up all resources

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12
Q

What are the steps in the treatment of sewage water

A
  1. Large objects are filtered from the water through screening
  2. Large paddles swoosh the water and solid sludge sinks to the bottom
  3. bacteria feed aerobically on the remaining sludge and kill harmful bacteria
  4. Bacteria removed in secondary sedimentation
  5. Sterilized using chlorine, UV or ozone
  6. Biogas tank anaerobically digests sludge
  7. Used as biofuel or pumped into seas/ river
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13
Q

How to measure the mass of dissolved solids in water

A
  1. Take the mass of an evaporating basin
  2. Placed water in an evaporating basin and record it
  3. Heat all of the water away
  4. Measure the new mass of basin and minus the basin prior
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14
Q

What is a life cycle assessment

A

Assess the environmental impact of a product through its life

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15
Q

Stages in measuring life cycle assessment

A
  1. Environmental impact of raw materials needed to make the products and processing them
  2. Manufacturing and packaging of the product
  3. Use of product at the end of it’s lifetime
  4. Disposal of product
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16
Q

Methods of disposal

A

Incineration
Landfill
Recycle

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17
Q

Negatives of LCA

A

Biases
What should you measure

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18
Q

Advantages of recycling materials

A

Fewer mining and resources used
Avoids high energy costs
Avoids greenhouse gases

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19
Q

Disadvantages of recycling materials

A

Transport of materials
Metals can be difficult to sort

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20
Q

Positive of biological extracting

A

Doesn’t scar landscape

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21
Q

Negative of biological extracting

A

Slow

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21
Q

How to extract low grade copper ores

A

Phytomining
Plants absorb the metal ions in the soil
Plants are harvested and burned
The ash is dissolved in an acid
Copper is extracted by electrolysis or displacement with iron

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22
Q

How to extract copper rich ores

A

Smelting
Burn copper carbonate so it goes to copper oxide
Add sulfuric acid to get copper sulfate
Displace copper with iron or electrolysis

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23
Q

What is bioleaching and when is it used

A

Bacteria is used to produce a leachate which is an acidic solution that contains copper ions
Copper is displaced with iron
Low grade copper

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24
When do metals corrode
When exposed to oxygen
25
What rusts
Iron, steel
26
How is rusting prevented
Water absobers Painting Coating with plastic Oiling Galvanising
27
What is electroplating
Thin layer of metal is applied on top of another to protect from corrosion
28
How do you do electroplating
Positive anode- plating metal Negative cathode- iron/steel
29
What is sacrificial protection
Metals are put in contact with more reactive metals The more reactive metal reacts with all the oxygen
30
What is galavnising
Sacrificial protection, with zinc coating iron
31
What is bronze an alloy of
Copper and tin
32
What is brass an alloy of
Copper and zinc
33
What is gold alloyed with
Silver, zinc, copper
34
3 types of steel alloys
Stainless steel High-carbon Low-carbon
35
High- carbon steel property
Strong Brittle
36
Low- carbon steel propety
Easily shaped
37
How is glass made
Heating a mixture of sand, limestone and sodium carbonate
38
What is the most common type of glass and what is it used for
Windows, glass bottles, jars Soda-lime glass
39
What is the lesser common type of glass and its uses
Borosillicate glass Laboratory
40
How do you make borosillicate glass
Heat sand and boron trioxide
41
Properties of borosillicate glass
Higher meting point
42
How is ceramic made of clay
Shaped then placed into a furnace Coated in glaze
43
What are polymer properties dependent on
Monomer used and the conditions used to create the polymer
44
2 types of poly(ethene)
LDPE HDPE
45
How to make LDPE
200C high pressure
46
How to make HDPE
Lower temp and pressure than LDPE catalyst
47
LDPE properties and uses
Bags and bottles Can be moulded
48
HDPE properties and uses
Stronger Pipes Buckets
49
What are the 2 types of polymer
Thermo-softening Thermo-setting
50
Thermo-softening polymer
Lots of individual polymer chains tangled together Weak intermolecular forces
51
Thermo-setting polymer
Made up of lots of individual polymer chains held together by strong ionic/ covalent bonds
51
What is a composite
A reinforcement bound together by a matrix
52
Wood as a composite
Reinforcement: Cellulose Matrix: Lignin
53
Fibreglass as a composite
Reinforcement: Carbon fibre Matrix: Polymer resin
54
Concrete as a composite
Reinforcement: Gravel Matrix: Cement
55
Steps in the Haber process
1. Nitrogen and ammonia pumped through pipes 2. Compressor increases pressure to 200 atmospheres 3. Pass them through tank with iron catalysts and heat to 450C 4. Cools so ammonia liquifies and excess hydrogen and nitrogen are passes into the tank
56
Where is nitrogen obtained from
Air
56
Why are fertilizers needed
To restore mineral ions that plants take out of the soil when they grow
56
Where is hydrogen obtained from
Natural gas
57
What are NPK fertilisers
They contain Nitrogen, Phosphorus and potassium
58
3 NPK fertilizers
Ammonium nitrate Ammonium phosphate Potassium nitrate
59
What type of substance is an ammonia
Alkali
60
Phosphate rock + nitric acid
Calcium nitrate and phosphoric acid
61
Phosphate rock + phosphoric acid
TRIPLE SUPERPHOSPHATE
62
How to make sulfuric acid
Sulfur + oxygen Sulfurdioxide Sulfur dioxide + oxygen 450C Sulfur Trioxide Sulfure trioxide + water Sulfuric acid
63
Steps to make ammonium sulfate
1. Measure ammonia and pour into conical flask 2. 2-3 drops of methyl orange, turns orange 3. Burette contains sulfuric acid, Sulfurci acid until indicator turns red 4. Record volume of acid used 5. Experiment is repeated, no indicator, solution is heated in basin
64
Advantages of industrial method
Continous method Quick Automated mechanisms
65
Advantages of labaratory method
Batch process Cheap
66
What do we do with the temperature in a Haber process and why?
We should use low as we have a greater yeild However we actually use high for rate of reaction
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Chemistry (10 decks)

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