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Chemistry > Atomic structure and the Periodic Table > Flashcards

Atomic structure and the Periodic Table Flashcards

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1
Q

Contained in the nucleus are…

A

Protons and Neutrons

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2
Q

Moving around the nucleus in shells are…

A

Electrons

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3
Q

Mass and charge of proton, neutron and electron

A

Proton: Charge +1, Relative Mass 1 Neutron: Charge 0, Relative Mass 1
Electron: Charge -1, Relative Mass Negligble

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4
Q

What charge do atoms have overall

A

None

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5
Q

What is an ion

A

A charged atom that has gained or lost electrons and has different number of electrons to protons

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6
Q

Describe how an element symbol is labeled

A

On top is proton/atomic number
Middle is element symbol
Bottom is relative atomic mass

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7
Q

Relative atomic mass (including isotopes) equation

A

(isotope abundance A x isotope mass number A + isotope abundance B x isotope mass number B)
______________________________________________
Sum of abundance of all isotopes (100)

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8
Q

What is an element

A

A substance made up of only 1 type of atom

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9
Q

What is an isotope

A

An isotope is an element with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons. Same atomic number different mass number

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10
Q

What is a compound

A

Two or more elements chemically joined together through chemical bonds. Hard to separate.

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11
Q

What is a mixture

A

No chemical bonds so the elements are easy to seperate

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12
Q

When would you want to use filtration

A

To separate solids from liquids

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13
Q

When would you want to use evaporation/ crystilisation

A

Seperate a soluble salt from a solution

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14
Q

How to separate salt from rock salt

A

Crush up rock salt
Add water and stir
Filter the mixture
Evaporate water from the salt leaving salt crystals

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15
Q

Is fractional distillation a chemical or non chemical reaction

A

Non-chemical

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16
Q

What is produced from the fractional distillation of crude oil

A

Fuel gas
Petrol
Naphtha
kerosine
diesel fuel
fuel oil
residue

17
Q

General metal properties

A

Strong, malleable, good conductors of electricity and heat, high boiling point

18
Q

General non metal properties

A

Dull, brittle, low boiling point

19
Q

John Dalton

A

19th century
Atoms were solid sphere

20
Q

JJ Thompson

A

1897
Plum pudding model
Atom is a ball of positive charge with electrons scattered in it

21
Q

Ernest Rutherford

A

1909
Geiger and Marsden alpha particle scattering experiment
alpha particles most had no effect taken on them implying they were mostly empty space
some path was diverted from the gold sheet showing they were postiviley charged
some completely bounced back showing they had mass concetrated at their center

22
Q

Neils Bohr

A

~1911
Electrons reside in shells in the atom

23
Q

James Chadwick

A

~1940
Neutrons in the nucleus

24
Q

Why are halogens less reactive as you down

A

More shielding from shells
Free shell further away from nucleus
Positive nucleus and electron negative charged are oppositely charged and the further away the electron from the nucleus the weaker the electrostatic attraction, harder to gain electron.
When gaining an electron a reaction occurs

25
Q

Nobel gases reactivity and why do their boiling points increase and what way

A

They are inert because they have a full outer shell. Their boiling points increase as you go down due to increase in inter-molecular forces caused by increase in electrons

26
Q

What was the periodic table arranged

A

(relative) atomic mass

27
Q

What did Dmitri Mendeleev do?

A

Predicted elements by knowing elements in the same group were similar
Left gaps in his table for undiscovered elements
1869

28
Q

What is the modern periodic table arranged by

A

Atomic number/proton number

29
Q

Alkali metal properties

A

Form ionic compounds
Low density
Reactive
Dull

30
Q

Transition metal properties

A

Dense
Shiny
Conductors
Form coloured compound
Can form more than one ion

31
Q

What are transition metals commonly used as

A

Catalysts

Chemistry (10 decks)

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